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Soviet-Chinese relations. 1952-19551954
Exchange of letters between the Society of Sino-Soviet Friendship in Tianjin and the Kirov Plant. January 5, 1954
A source: Soviet-Chinese relations. 1952-1955: Collection of documents. 2015. pp. 162-166
Archive: Archive of Tianjin. X52 - Y - 31, translated from Chinese. lang., Archive of Tianjin. X52 - Y - 31, translated from Chinese. lang. (The document could not be found in the Russian archives.)
70.
Letter from the Society of Sino-Soviet Friendship to the Workers of the Kirov Plant
Dear Director of the Kirov Plant!
Dear comrade factory workers!
We, the members of the Tianjin Sino-Soviet Friendship Society of the People's Republic of China, are extremely pleased to be able to convey this letter to you. Despite the fact that we have never met, nevertheless, from books and magazines we have known about you for a long time. You made a huge contribution to the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution, the establishment of Soviet power, and the successful implementation of several five-year plans.
New China, under the leadership of the leader and teacher of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people, Comrade Mao Zedong, has already begun large-scale economic construction. This year is the second year of the five-year plan. Chairman Mao Zedong constantly tells us about the importance of learning from the Soviet Union, studying Soviet production techniques, adopting the best practices, as well as the foundations of nation building, in order to accelerate China's progress towards socialism and communism.
Many Chinese workers are interested in the successes of the Soviet workers, they are especially interested in the following questions:
1. How did the workers of the Kirov Plant manage to overcome the difficulties of the first years of the victory of the October Revolution, restore and develop production?
2. How was socialist production competition developed? How is labor discipline observed and production plans fulfilled?
3. How are the five-year plans (especially the first five-year plans) carried out?
4. What is the current situation at the Kirov Plant?
At present, the workers of Tianjin, with boundless labor enthusiasm, have joined in a large-scale production competition, so they are very interested in information about the best practices of Soviet workers. This knowledge will accelerate the pace of economic construction of our Motherland.
Let's do our best to protect world peace!
We look forward to your detailed and prompt response. We wish you even more success on the production front!
Society of Sino-Soviet Friendship in Tianjin,
General Manager Fang Ji
Response of the representatives of the Kirov Plant to the Sino-Soviet Friendship Society of Tianjin
January 1954
On behalf of the entire team of workers, engineers, technicians and employees of the four-time order-bearing Leningrad Kirov Machine-Building and Steel Plant, we send you greetings and best wishes!
The workers and employees of our plant, together with the entire Soviet people, experience boundless joy at seeing how the great Chinese people are confidently advancing from success to success along the path of economic construction. The freedom and independence you have won have opened a wide path to a happy and cultured life for the many millions of Chinese people.
We and the entire Soviet people are proud of the responsibility entrusted to us and want to share the experience of building the Soviet Union with all the peoples of the democratic countries and the peoples of your great Motherland.
The Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917 overthrew the despotic power of the tsar, landowners and capitalists, gave freedom to all the peoples of the Soviet Union, during the Civil War it defended this freedom in the struggle against the White Guards and foreign interventionists and laid the foundation for the construction of socialism.
After the end of the civil war, the Kirov (previously called Putilov) plant played an extremely important role in the restoration of the country's national economy.
These were difficult years for the plant. On July 1, 1922, the plant employed 1,500 people. - 20 times less than before the start of the First World War. After the end of the civil war, the workers of the Putilov plant returning from the front looked at the destroyed plant with great mental anguish. Many workshops turned into a graveyard of machinery and machine tools, which were covered with a thick layer of rust. The most necessary raw materials, tools and fuel were not available. Enemies of the people, who had infiltrated the economic management bodies, tried to destroy large state-owned factories, including the Putilov factory. But the workers frustrated this plan of enemies and traitors. Under the leadership of the party, which inspired the people, the workers restored the plant, which became known as the Krasny Putilovets plant.
In 1923, in accordance with the order of the party and the government, the plant began the production of agricultural tractors, which laid the foundation for tractor production in the USSR. In May 1924, the first Soviet tractor left the factory gates. During the period of the first five-year plan (1928-1933), the plant produced 38,940 agricultural tractors. In 1939, 120,000 tractors manufactured by the Kirov Plant were already working on the agricultural fields of the USSR.
December 17, 1934, 16 days after the murder of S.M. Kirov, at the request of the “Red Putilovites”, the plant was renamed the Kirov Plant.
Over the years, the plant has become a diversified industrial enterprise. In addition to fulfilling the tasks of producing new products for the government, during the first five-year plan, the plant also produced steam locomotives, combine engines, motor vehicles, giant railway cranes, and steam turbines. By 1950, 150 powerful electric generators produced by the Kirov Plant began to generate electricity in various regions of the country.
In the struggle to fulfill the first five-year plan, socialist emulation developed widely. At that moment, the most important form of competition was the movement of strikers. Workers and employees, becoming leaders in production, took on increased production obligations, carried out the tasks of improving working methods. The advanced brigades and shock workers made up the vast majority of the factory workers.
The development of socialist emulation led to the fact that the first five-year plan was completed ahead of schedule in three years and seven months.
During the years of the second five-year plan, a large volume of new products manufactured by our plant was sent to many enterprises in the country. At the same time, workers and employees of the Kirov Plant passed on their professional experience. Numerous builders of socialism - workers, engineers, technicians - went to different regions of the country to the tractor factories under construction. They were warmly welcomed in Stalingrad, Kharkov, Chelyabinsk and other cities.
Free labor, a materially secure life, and the constantly rising cultural and political level of the workers created favorable conditions for the development of the Stakhanovist movement. 1936 is the year of the beginning of the Stakhanov movement. Labor productivity at the Kirov plant increased by 42%, more than 7 thousand workers exceeded the plan by 40%.
In the course of the work to restore the national economy, workers and employees, filled with selfless labor enthusiasm, successfully completed the tasks set by the government. During the years of the first five-year plan, the Kirov Plant was awarded three orders - the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
During the Second World War, the workers of the plant, although they were not on the front line, still continued to produce various products that the army needed.
The Kirov plant, in a very short time after the end of the war, was able to recover from the damage caused and turned into one of the most important enterprises in the country. The workers of the Kirov plant with great labor enthusiasm completed the tasks of mechanizing the timber industry, and also set up mass production of tractors for transporting timber in a short time.
In 1951, in connection with the 150th anniversary of the founding of the Kirov Plant, for services to the Motherland, he was awarded the fourth order - the Order of Lenin.
Now, as in past years, the workers of the Kirov Plant, faithful to the glorious revolutionary and labor traditions, are among the most active leaders of socialist industry. The Kirovites fulfilled the production plan for 1953 ahead of schedule. Many production workers are working for the future using modern working methods. So, the locksmith Gubeli fulfilled the nine-year norm, and the turner Yezhov is now fulfilling the work plan for 1957. High-speed cutting is widely used at the plant. The first-class machinist Leonov and the locksmith Karasev invented a new type of cutting and scraping tool, significantly increasing labor productivity. Recently, Leonov, in honor of the day of elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, fulfilled seven and a half norms in one shift. Steelworkers of open-hearth furnaces Morozov, Baslakov, Alekseev and other shop workers, having arranged socialist competition, on the day of elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, they almost completely switched to the method of accelerated steelmaking, reducing the casting time by 2-3 hours or more. Young locksmiths of the Kirov plant Serafimovich and Svistunov were repeatedly awarded the title of excellent worker in Leningrad for their high labor productivity. Now, not only at the Kirov plant, but also at the existing production base of other industrial enterprises of the Soviet Union, a movement has begun to increase production volumes.
This year, the workers and employees of the Kirov Plant will ensure that the production plan for the production of tractor equipment is overfulfilled by 15%, and they will also produce 100,000 units of spare parts for the powerful Soviet S-80 tractor and tractors of other brands in excess of the plan. The workers of the Kirov Plant rendered great assistance to three subsidiary farms and one MTS in the Leningrad region. A competition is successfully held with a similar enterprise - the Gorky Transport Engineering Plant, which produces cars and trucks.
Many issues related to new technology are solved by a joint creative team, which includes representatives of research institutes and higher education. In solving the issues of increasing steel production and improving its quality, the plant is greatly assisted by Leningrad metallurgical scientists - Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences Professor Korneev and Professor Kuznetsov.
Such are the living and working conditions of the entire team of workers and employees of one of the oldest enterprises in our country - the Kirov Plant, four times awarded Soviet orders.
The many thousands of workers and employees of the Kirov Plant, like the entire Soviet people, are proud of the brilliant successes of the glorious sons and daughters of great China, which is confidently advancing along the road to socialism under the leadership of the Communist Party and its tried and tested leader Mao Zedong.
We wish you, dear comrades, success in building a new, happy life!
May the nationwide struggle for world peace win!
Long live the indestructible friendship of the Soviet and Chinese peoples!
(Signatures)A source: Soviet-Chinese relations. 1952-1955: Collection of documents. 2015. p. 167
Archive: AVPRF. F. 179. Op. 34. P. 19. D. 1. L. 4.
71.
The Embassy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shows its respect to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China and in response to the note dated December 15, 1953. Letter “Busu” No. (53) 4473* has the honor to announce that an anti-locust expedition can be sent to Xinjiang in January-April 1954 for a period up to September 1, 1954. The expedition includes the head of the expedition, his deputy, four entomologists, one engineer and one special application technician, one operations engineer, as well as 17 aircraft with maintenance personnel and two trucks. If necessary, pesticides (400 tons of dust-hexachlorin and 20 tons of sodium arsenite), as well as 50 tons of B-70 grade aviation gasoline and 5 tons of MK-20 grade oil can be delivered from the Soviet Union to Urumqi.
The USSR Ministry of Foreign Trade was instructed to reach an agreement with the relevant departments of the PRC on covering the costs associated with providing assistance to China in the fight against locusts in Xinjiang, meaning to attribute 50% of the costs to the account of the PRC and 50% to the account of the USSR.
In view of the fact that the above-mentioned note of the Ministry does not indicate that pesticides, aviation gasoline and vehicles for the needs of the expedition should be delivered from the USSR, the Embassy asks the Ministry to inform it whether they should be brought to Xinjiang from the Soviet Union or whether they will be provided to the expedition by the Chinese side .
* See doc. 68.
From the memorandum of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. March 1, 1954
A source: Soviet-Chinese relations. 1952-1955: Collection of documents. 2015. pp. 167-171
Archive: AVPRF. F. 0100. Op. 47. P. 384. D. 52. L. 12-20.
72.
The Chinese government received a response from the Soviet government, transmitted on February 13, 1954 through the USSR ambassador to the PRC Yudin, to the request of the Chinese government for the early supply of blooming “1150” to the Anynan metallurgical plant and for the expansion of the capacities of the heavy engineering plant in Fulaerdi*.
The Chinese government is completely satisfied with this reply from the Soviet government and expresses its deep gratitude to it.
The Chinese government, in the process of drawing up assignments for the design of various enterprises in the design and construction of which Soviet design organizations provide assistance, came to the conclusion that appropriate additions and amendments should be made in the field of technical assistance to some enterprises. Therefore, we raise a number of questions regarding the technical assistance provided by the Soviet government to the Chinese government under an agreement between the two states - China and the USSR - dated May 15, 1953, and we ask the Soviet government to consider them.
First. Regarding the enterprises listed in Annex No. 1 of the Agreement on the provision of assistance by the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China in the development of the national economy of China dated May 15, 1953 **
I. Luoyang Ball Bearing Factory (originally slated to be in Xi'an). Already agreed with a group of designers from the Soviet Union, the production program provides for the production per year of 10,600 sets of various bearings with a diameter of 19 mm to 460 mm. But the products of this plant, both in terms of type and quantity, still cannot satisfy the needs of the development of the machine-building industry in our country, and in particular, the plant cannot produce precision bearings for aircraft instruments. Therefore, we ask the Soviet government to help our country in the reconstruction of the existing Harbin ball-bearing plant, so that this plant can expand production relatively quickly. The design task for the reconstruction of this plant can be carried out by Chinese design organizations, but the design of the technical design of the technological part and the working drawings for the precision bearing shop (annual production provides for the production of 400-500 thousand bearings with a diameter of less than 19 mm) should be entrusted to Soviet design organizations. In addition, we ask the Soviet government: to issue a task in advance for the design of the construction part of this workshop and other parts; to supply the special equipment necessary for this workshop (we express the hope that we will be informed in advance of the specification of the equipment and its characteristics, as well as the quantity, so that we can send an order to the USSR Ministry of Foreign Trade in a commercial order); send specialists to manage the installation, commissioning and development of production; send drawings and other technical documentation required after the enterprise is put into production.
If the Soviet Government considers that at present there are difficulties in assisting our country in the design and reconstruction of this workshop, it would be desirable that the Soviet Government provide for the supply of our country in the annual trade deliveries with accurate bearings in the quantity and according to the standards to be specified. our country.
II. Automotive plant. Initially, the annual production of 60 thousand pieces of trucks of the GAZ-51 type was established. To meet military needs and taking into account the operation of vehicles on bad roads in Inner China, it is planned to make changes and produce 40 thousand trucks of the GAZ-51 type and 20 thousand trucks of the GAZ-63 type per year, the established annual production is 60 thousand vehicles - remains unchanged.
III. Shop turbogenerators at the Harbin Electric Machine Building Plant. Initially, the production of turbogenerators was set at 360 thousand kW per year, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of expanding to 600 thousand kW per year. In accordance with the needs of the national economy of our country, in our opinion, in the second stage of construction, in addition to the initially established agreement, synchronous compensators with a total capacity of 300 thousand kW amperes and 110 large electric motors (approximately 200 thousand kW) should be included, we ask for Soviet design organizations to make one project in accordance with the specified volume of construction of the second phase.
IV. Fushun coal plant (reconstruction and expansion). An annual production of 13,600 thousand tons has been established, a comprehensive project for the development of a coal deposit should be completed in the third quarter of 1955. The Fushun plant is one of the most important fuel bases of our country in the northeast. According to a group of Soviet designers, in order to achieve an annual coal production of 18,600 thousand tons, it is necessary to expand the currently existing western pit and open a new eastern pit with the simultaneous development of coal and shale in it, at the same time, it is necessary to reconstruct the existing one in currently the second oil refinery. The design work for the western pit extension can be carried out by Chinese design organizations, but at the same time, to provide assistance, it will be necessary to invite Soviet design specialists, at the same time, it will be necessary to supply part of the necessary equipment. Other works cannot be carried out by our design organizations, so we ask the Soviet government, before the completion of the comprehensive project for the Fushun coal plant, to begin work on the design of the following individual facilities and supply the equipment necessary for them:
1) Opening of the eastern quarry with simultaneous extraction of coal from 3 to 4 million tons per year and shale.
2) Reconstruction and expansion of the currently existing second refinery (currently there are three dry distillation units with a capacity of about 180 thousand tons per year, which are currently being restored) with an annual production of 800-1000 thousand tons of crude oil (using shale as a raw material).
V. Gejiu Tin Plant in Yunnan (reconstruction and expansion). A group of designers for this plant has already arrived in our country. Tin is the most important type of raw material supplied by our country to the Soviet Union and the people's democracies. In order to meet the growing demand for this raw material from year to year, it is necessary to reconstruct this enterprise in a short time in order to increase the production of tin. Therefore, we propose that the design work of the above-mentioned enterprise be carried out in China in order to closely link it with the work of surveying and construction, to achieve an acceleration of the design work and the pace of construction. This can be resolved by sending the main design workers to China by the Soviet Union and by separating some of the designers from the Chinese side (namely, in the same way that a group of Soviet designers carried out the design of the reconstruction of the aluminum plant in Fushun).
VI. Thermal power plant in Lanzhou. Initially, the capacity of the power plant was determined at 100 thousand kW (4 generators of 25 thousand kW each). However, according to the calculations of groups of Soviet designers working in the Lanzhou industrial region, it is established that only for three plants in the Xigu Lanzhou region: an oil refinery, a nitrogen fertilizer plant and a synthetic rubber plant, after their construction is completed in accordance with their currently determined volume, 96 thousand kW of electricity and 540 tons of steam per hour will be required. At the same time, in order to provide electricity to the gunpowder plant in the Anningbao area of Lanzhou, the machine-building plant for oil equipment in the Qilihe area of Lanzhou and to light the city, it is still necessary to additionally build one thermal power plant with a capacity of 50 thousand kW (2 generators of 26 thousand kW ), the pace of construction of this power plant must correspond to the pace of construction of a gunpowder factory and a machine-building plant for oil equipment. We are asking the Soviet government to help us design this power plant and supply equipment. If the Soviet government agrees, then we ask you to instruct the group of Soviet design specialists currently working in China to design the power plant in Lanzhou, to assist our design organizations in collecting initial materials for design and in developing a plan assignment. [...] I
The Soviet government has already rendered and continues to render enormous assistance to our country in the implementation of the first five-year plan for the construction of our country, and we hope that, to the extent possible, the Soviet government will satisfy these new requests of ours. If agreed, we ask the Soviet government to give appropriate instructions to the groups of designers who are currently in China and who are helping us in drawing up plan assignments, so that they can carry out design work in a timely manner.
If the Soviet government considers that it is still difficult to start designing or building on the above objects or some of them, or that some changes still need to be made, please respond.
* Not published.
** See doc. 50.
Press release on the consent of the Government of the PRC to send a Plenipotentiary Representative to the Conference of Ministers of Foreign Affairs in Geneva. March 4, 1954
Archive: People's Daily. 1954. March 4, translated from Chinese. lang.
73.*
At the Berlin Conference of Foreign Ministers of the Four Great Powers, held from January 25 to February 18, the Foreign Ministers of the USSR, the USA, France and Great Britain managed to reach an agreement according to which the representatives of the USSR, USA, France, Great Britain, the People's Republic of China and the Korean The Democratic People's Republic, as well as other states indicated in the communiqué following the results of the Berlin meeting, will hold a meeting in Geneva on April 26, 1954 to discuss the Korean problem and, with the participation of other interested parties, the problem of Indochina.
In accordance with the agreement reached at the Berlin Conference, the Government of the USSR sent an invitation to the Government of the PRC to take part in the Geneva Conference and send its plenipotentiary representative to Geneva by the date indicated above.
The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China replied to the Soviet government that it accepted the invitation and agreed to send its plenipotentiary representative to the Geneva Conference.
Simultaneously, the government of the USSR extended a similar invitation to the government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which also agreed to take part in the Geneva conference.
* A similar TASS report was published in the Pravda newspaper on March 4, 1954.
From the speech of Premier of the State Administrative Council of the People's Republic of China, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai at a meeting of foreign ministers in Geneva. April 28, 1954
Archive: News. 1954. 29 Apr.
74.
Mr. Chairman, Mr. Ministers, Mr. Delegates!
The Geneva Conference, which the peoples of the whole world have been waiting for, has opened. The purpose of this meeting should be to ease international tension and strengthen world peace. This is a task of great importance.
For the first time the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, the French Republic, the People's Republic of China and other interested countries have gathered together, sat down at the same table to jointly consider and resolve the pressing issues of Asia. Our task is difficult, but the convening of this meeting in itself means an increase in the possibilities for the peaceful settlement of international disputes through negotiations. The Delegation of the People's Republic of China expresses its hope that all representatives attending this meeting will make due efforts towards this task.
The peoples of Asia, like other peoples of the world, love peace and freedom. The peoples of Asia were subjected to oppression and enslavement for a long time. Their struggle for liberation from foreign imperialist oppression, for national independence and freedom, is a just struggle. No force can prevent this historical development. However, the influential US circles, with the aim of colonial enslavement of the peoples of Asia, are intensifying their intervention in order to prevent the national liberation movement of the peoples of Asia, are planning to create an aggressive bloc in Asia, and are expanding the war in Asia. This US policy is contrary to the aspirations of the peoples of Asia. It is a source of tension and unrest in Asia.
The Chinese people, in the course of a long and determined struggle, put an end to the domination of imperialism and the Kuomintang, which was disastrous for the people, chose the people's democratic state system of their own free will and created their own People's Republic of China. The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China expresses the will of the entire Chinese people. The policy pursued by him finds unanimous support throughout the country.
In less than 5 years, the People's Republic of China has achieved unprecedented political, economic and cultural achievements in the history of China. The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China has unified the country, carried out social transformations, stabilized finances and money circulation, restored the national economy destroyed by a long war, and gradually improves the material living conditions and raises the cultural level of the people. At present, China is carrying out a grandiose plan for the industrialization of the country, and general democratic elections are being held at all levels of government on a nationwide scale.
For the first time in the history of China, the people became the true masters of their country, all nationalities rallied into one big family on the basis of equality and freedom. The government, which enjoys the ardent love of all the peoples of the country, has become stronger than ever. There is no force in the world that could prevent the Chinese people from advancing on the road to power and prosperity. The victory of the Chinese people radically changed the situation in Asia. It inspires the peoples of Asia to fight for their national independence, for final liberation from imperialist oppression.
The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Chinese people are consistently in favor of peace and against war. We have never committed and will never commit aggression against other countries, but we will by no means tolerate aggressive actions against us by anyone. We respect the right of the peoples of all countries to choose and defend their own way of life and state system without outside interference. At the same time, we demand the same attitude towards ourselves from other countries. We believe that if all the countries of the world observe these principles and are filled with the desire to cooperate with each other, then the peaceful coexistence of countries with different social systems will be ensured, and there are all possibilities for this.
Everyone knows that after the formation of the People's Republic of China, the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was the first to establish friendly diplomatic relations with the new China. The Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance was concluded between the PRC and the USSR, which is an important factor in maintaining peace in the Far East. Traditional deep friendship has long existed between the great peoples of China and the Soviet Union. The Chinese people, in their glorious national liberation cause, from the very beginning met with warm sympathy from the Soviet people. Over the past 5 years, economic cooperation and cultural ties between China and the USSR have been established and are successfully developing on the basis of the principle of equality and mutual assistance.
Since its foundation, the People's Republic of China has been recognized by more than 20 states with a population of more than 1 billion people. However, some states, primarily the United States, still refuse to recognize the People's Republic of China and are trying to disregard the right of the Chinese people to choose their state system. They, unwilling to reconcile themselves to defeat in China, are thinking of imposing on the Chinese people the power of the scum of the Kuomintang clique, which has long since been driven back by the 500,000,000-strong Chinese people. Until now, at various international conferences, they are still trying to pass off proteges of the Kuomintang clique as representatives of the Chinese people. The international position and rights of the People's Republic of China are illegally discriminated against. China's peaceful development and security are constantly under threat. The extreme illegality and injustice of such a provision is evident. The existence of such a situation and its continuation in the future hinder the peaceful settlement of sore international issues and especially the pressing problems of Asia, increase anxiety and tension in international relations. It is clear that this situation should no longer continue. This meeting should initiate a change in this situation. that this situation should not continue. This meeting should initiate a change in this situation.
Mr Chairman, gentlemen! At present, although hostilities in Korea have ceased, peace has not yet been consolidated in that country, the unification of Korea has not yet been achieved, and other problems related to the Korean question have not been resolved: the war in Indochina is still ongoing. This state of affairs causes deep anxiety and concern among the peoples of the whole world, who hope that this meeting will change this state of affairs - the Korean question will be peacefully resolved and peace in Indochina will be restored.
The present conference has already begun to consider the question of a peaceful settlement of the Korean problem.
The People's Republic of China attaches great importance to the settlement of this problem in the interests of strengthening peace in the Far East and in accordance with the national interests of the Korean people.
[...] The delegation of the People's Republic of China fully supports the proposals of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Nam Il, to restore the national unity of Korea and hold free elections throughout Korea.
The Korean people, after their liberation from the slavery of Japanese imperialism, invariably demanded the independence and unity of Korea. The unification of Korea should be carried out through the holding of general elections throughout Korea, subject to the elimination of all outside interference and pressure from all kinds of terrorist groups. Only in this case will the entire Korean people be given the opportunity to freely express their will in a peaceful environment.
[...] The unification of Korea by peaceful means is the business of the Korean people themselves, therefore, in order to hold free elections throughout Korea and eliminate outside interference, all foreign troops must first be withdrawn from Korea.
From the first day of negotiations on a cessation of hostilities in Korea, we have officially submitted a proposal for the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Korea. Now, since a truce has already been implemented in Korea, there is still no reason for the continued presence of any foreign troops in Korea. It is clear that this proposal of ours fully meets the interests of the peoples of North and South Korea, as well as the interests of the peoples of all the countries that took part in the Korean War. Since the establishment of a truce in Korea, the peoples of all countries whose sons are in Korea have demanded that they return to their homeland as soon as possible and begin a peaceful life.
All Korean people strive for a free life without foreign interference. He asks the natural question on what basis do foreign troops still remain in Korea once hostilities have ceased? We believe that this question is quite appropriate, and the demand of the people for the withdrawal of all foreign troops is quite legitimate.
The unification of Korea by peaceful means is essential for maintaining peace and security in the Far East. The successful implementation of the unification of Korea by peaceful means depends on the desire of the relevant states interested in maintaining peace in the Far East to take measures to ensure the unhindered peaceful development of Korea and prevent foreign interference in the internal affairs of Korea.
In summary, we consider the proposal of the head of the delegation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Foreign Minister Nam Il, to be perfectly fair and reasonable. We express the hope that all participants in the conference will seriously discuss this proposal, which could be the basis for reaching an appropriate agreement on a peaceful settlement of the Korean question.
Since the beginning of the Korean War, Chinese territory - the island of Taiwan - has been occupied by the United States, and this issue has remained unresolved to this day. Everyone knows that the island of Taiwan is part of Chinese territory, and under no circumstances should it be occupied by anyone. The US occupation of the island of Taiwan seriously violates the territorial integrity and sovereignty of China. At present, the island of Taiwan has been turned into a base for subversion and further aggression against the People's Republic of China. Japanese militarism, which has been carrying out aggression against the countries of Asia for a long time, is being intensively revived. This situation seriously threatens peace and security in the Far East and Asia every day.
The US government, already during the Korean War, was trying to create a so-called "joint security" system in the Pacific. At present, the US government is further intervening in the war in Indochina and, under this pretext, is plotting to organize so-called defensive communities in the Western Pacific and Southeast Asia, which in reality pursue aggressive goals and, in addition, are aimed at establishing a new colonial rule. in Asia and the preparation of a new world war.
We believe that the aggressive actions of the United States must be stopped, peace in Asia must be ensured, the independence and sovereignty of Asian countries must be respected, the national rights and freedoms of the peoples of Asia must be guaranteed, interference in the internal affairs of Asian countries must be stopped, all foreign military bases in Asian countries must be eliminated and foreign troops withdrawn, the remilitarization of Japan must be prevented, and all economic blockades and restrictions must be eliminated.
The statement just made by Mr. Dulles contradicts these requirements. His opinions do not at all correspond to the interests of the peoples of Asia. We cannot agree with his views.
The Government of the People's Republic of China believes that the countries of Asia should consult among themselves with a view to making joint efforts through appropriate mutual commitments to maintain peace and security in Asia.
The peoples of China, like all the peoples of Asia, not only care about peace in Asia, but also show concern for peace in Europe and other parts of the globe. At present, the policy of resurrecting German militarism and dismembering Europe into warring military blocs not only threatens peace and security in Europe, but also has an impact outside of Europe, increasing tension and unrest in Asia. That is why we believe that, in order to preserve international peace, it is necessary, through appropriate negotiations, primarily between the great powers, to achieve a cessation of the armament of West Germany and security in Europe on the basis of the collective efforts of all European states, as proposed by the Soviet Union.
We also believe that the interests of peace demand an end to the arms race, a reduction in armaments and armed forces, and a ban on atomic, hydrogen and other types of weapons of mass destruction.
Mr Chairman, gentlemen! The peoples of the whole world, especially the peoples of Asia, are following the course of our meeting with great attention. They hope that the present meeting will achieve positive results. Unfortunately, some Asian states showing concern for peace in Asia, such as India, Indonesia, Burma and others, could not take part in our conference, which by no means can be considered an advantage of this conference.
Let me express the hope that the representatives participating in this meeting, guided by the interests of strengthening peace and security in Asia and throughout the world, will make efforts to find ways to resolve the urgent problems that are on the agenda of the meeting.
From the speech of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR V.M. Molotov at a meeting of foreign ministers in Geneva. April 29, 1954
Archive: Truth. 1954. 30 Apr.
75.
Mr. Chairman, Mr. Delegates!
At the present conference in Geneva it was decided to consider two questions: firstly, a peaceful settlement of the Korean question and, secondly, the question of restoring peace in Indochina.
It can be said that the Geneva meeting is devoted to Asian issues. Both Korean and Indo-Chinese issues are among the most pressing issues in Asia.
In this regard, it cannot be overlooked that only a few Asian countries are present at this meeting. We cannot but feel hurt by the fact that a number of Asian states, such as India, Indonesia, Burma, Pakistan and others, are not participating in our conference, although this would be very valuable from the point of view of the interests of the cause.
At the same time, one should not underestimate the fact that for the first time in recent years all the great powers are participating in this conference: France, Great Britain, the United States of America, the People's Republic of China, the Soviet Union. In this regard, it must be especially emphasized that the great power of Asia, the People's Republic of China, will be able to contribute to the work of our meeting on the above-mentioned topical issues of the situation in Asia.
The meeting, in its current composition, begins its work with questions related to Korea.
We have been given the task of creating a united and independent Korea by peaceful means. The solution of this problem is of paramount importance for the Korean people and, at the same time, would be an important factor in reducing international tension.
Of course, the solution of the Korean question is primarily the business of the Koreans themselves, the business of the Korean people themselves. No solution imposed on the Korean people by other countries can satisfy the Korean people, can not serve a lasting settlement of the Korean problem. [...]
Everyone knows that the Japanese imperialists, having seized Korea, made the territory of the Korean Peninsula the main springboard for unbridled aggression against China, against the Chinese people. They sought to extend their rule over all of China and all of Southeast Asia. To do this, they entered into an alliance with Hitler's Germany, concluded the so-called "anti-Comintern pact" and, under the pretext of "fighting communism," made plans to divide the world together with German imperialism.
Everyone remembers how it ended. The Japanese militarists suffered a defeat in the autumn of 1945 and were driven back. Korea got the opportunity to free itself from the clutches of the Japanese militarists and start a new, free, independent life.
Since, as a result of military circumstances, immediately after liberation from Japanese occupation, Korea was divided into two parts - North and South, the Korean people faced the task of restoring the unity of Korea and forming a single and independent democratic Korean state. [...]
The most important task of the Geneva Conference is to assist the Korean people in restoring the unity of Korea. [...]
In examining the Korean question, we cannot ignore the fundamental changes that have taken place in the political development of the countries of Asia in the recent period, especially after the end of the Second World War.
It is known that for many years, in some cases for several centuries, other, non-Asian states ruled in the countries of Asia, and the peoples of these countries were deprived of the opportunity to control their own destiny. This situation was the result of an aggressive, imperialist policy on the part of some states. But this policy has already discredited itself. At present, attempts to carry out the old colonial policy are ending in an increasingly obvious failure. At the Geneva Conference, this circumstance must be taken into account both when considering the Korean question and when considering the Indochinese question. [... ] Fundamental political changes in Asia have found their highest expression primarily in China, which has a population of more than 500 million people. Since then, how the People's Republic of China was formed and the solid foundations of the people's democratic system were laid here, it would be absurd to disregard this fact. Socio-economic and political transformations in China are taking place before everyone's eyes, and not to reckon with this means not to reckon with major events of historical significance.
Who, further, can deny that such a country as India, with a population of more than 300 million people, has also entered the historical arena. India until very recently was in the position of a colony. However, now no one can deny that India is occupying an increasingly prominent place among the states that are defending their national independence and striving to take their important place in international affairs. The importance of such states as Indonesia, Burma and other countries is steadily rising. This does not mean that everything is going smoothly in the matter of establishing real independence for these states, without a struggle or any complications in relations with some states. However, what has been said indicates that Asia has indeed undergone major historical changes. This fact must be taken into account when considering any topical issue relating to the states of Asia.
It is necessary to dwell on the question of China, which occupies a special position in international affairs.
I do not have to reveal a secret if I say that strong friendly relations have been established between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. Many countries have also already established political and economic relations with the People's Republic of China. It is known that a country like England attaches great importance to the development of its relations with the People's Republic of China. It is also known that many other states have not established normal relations with the People's Republic of China for the sole reason that this is being prevented in every possible way from outside.
As for the United States of America, the Government of that country is openly pursuing an aggressive course towards the People's Republic of China. This aggressive course on the part of the United States affects, at the same time, the entire state of affairs in present-day Asia.
Everyone knows that there have been no acts of aggression against the United States of America on the part of the People's Republic of China. The situation is quite different when it comes to US policy towards the People's Republic of China.
Since the Chinese people expelled from their territory the bankrupt clique of Chiang Kai-shek, which did not think about the needs of the Chinese people, but was a mere servant of foreign capital, and the People's Republic of China was formed, one act of aggression has been carried out against it after another. The main responsibility for this lies with the ruling circles of the United States of America.
They seized the island of Taiwan, making the last of the Chiang Kai-shek clique master of this island. They prevent the People's Republic of China from taking its rightful place in the United Nations by all sorts of impermissible means. Moreover, they carried through the United Nations the decision to declare an embargo (prohibition) on trade with China. They are preparing the restoration of the armed forces of Japan, thus threatening China. They accused China of aggression in Korea, although the participation of Chinese volunteers in the war on the side of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was caused not only by completely natural friendly feelings towards the Korean people fighting for national freedom, but also by the security interests of China itself, to the border of which aggressive foreign troops approached . Openly preparing aggression against the People's Republic of China, Constantly threatening its borders with attacks from Taiwan and the Korean Peninsula, creating ever new military bases near Chinese territory, on the Pacific Islands and in Pakistan, the US ruling circles portray the matter as if the aggressor is China, not the USA. [...]
On April 16, American newspapers published a statement by the US Secretary of State, in which the formation of the People's Republic of China, which, as you know, took place with the good will of the Chinese people, is regarded as a "great catastrophe", meaning "the loss of mainland China." The statement also says that "this catastrophe will be multiplied if it is added to the loss of millions of people, vast economic resources and strategic positions in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands."
In the above statement of the American official there is not a word about the national interests and rights of the peoples of China, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands themselves. On the other hand, this statement clearly expresses the desire by all means to counteract the transition of the great Chinese people and other peoples of Asia from the old colonial and semi-colonial life to a new, free life, to a new democratic system. China's fundamental transformation is here seen as a "loss," even though China has never belonged to, nor intended to belong to, any foreign state. It is clear that the talk about "the loss of mainland China" expresses a desire for the obsolete colonial policy of imperialism and has nothing in common with the recognition of the principles of freedom and the national rights of the peoples.
The Geneva Conference provides an opportunity to get a comprehensive look at those Asian problems that are recognized as the most pressing at the moment. [...]
The head of the delegation of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Enlai, expressed here the idea of the desirability of joining the efforts of Asian countries in the matter of ensuring peace in Asia. The Soviet delegation fully shares this opinion. As the European peoples in Europe, so also the peoples of Asia must take steps that would be in the interests of strengthening peace in Europe, Asia and the whole world. [...]
Letter from the director of the Beijing State Library Feng Zhongyun to the director of the State Library of the USSR. IN AND. Lenina P.M. Bogachev. July 8, 1954
Archive: AVPRF. F. 100. Op. 41. P. 162. D. 35. L. 51.
76.
Dear Comrade Director,
We have received fifty-two copies of the Yongle Encyclopedia from your library* through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China.
This generous gift from you means that the great friendship between the peoples of China and the Soviet Union is growing stronger every day.
Allow me, on behalf of the State Beijing Library, to express my sincere gratitude to you for these valuable handwritten books.
With deep respect,
Director
State Beijing Library
Feng Zhongyun
* See doc. 64.
Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On events related to the fifth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China". August 2, 1954
Archive: AVPRF. F. 0100. Op. 47. P. 383. D. 40. L. 1-3.
77.
In connection with the fulfillment of October 1 with. the fifth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and in order to further strengthen friendship and cooperation between the peoples of the USSR and the PRC, to carry out the following activities:
1. To instruct the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and VOKS, together with other public organizations, to hold solemn meetings in Moscow, Kyiv, Minsk, Baku, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Alma-Ata, Tashkent, Stalinabad, Ashgabat and Frunze dedicated to the fifth anniversary of the founding of the PRC.
2. Instruct the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, the All-Union Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, the anti-fascist committees of Soviet women and Soviet youth, the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Union of Soviet Writers to send greeting telegrams to the relevant Chinese organizations on the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the PRC, and also to organize speeches on the radio and sending individual greetings from prominent figures of science, culture and notable people of labor.
3. Celebrate the fifth anniversary of the People's Republic of China in the Soviet press: publish leading articles in the newspapers Pravda and Izvestia, publish articles characterizing the achievement of the people's democratic system in the PRC.
4. Oblige the Ministry of Culture of the USSR:
a) by the fifth anniversary of the PRC, release famous Chinese films on the screens of the country, organize the broadcast of popular Chinese songs and music on the radio, and issue posters dedicated to the strengthening of Soviet-Chinese friendship;
b) organize special radio broadcasts dedicated to the achievements of the PRC
5. Create by October 1 of this year. All-Union Society of Soviet-Chinese Friendship (VOSKD).
Instruct the commission as part of TT. Suslova M.A.*, Alexandrova G.F.**, Stepanova V.P.***Denisova A.P., Zorina V.A.**** Yasnova M.A.***** and Korobova A.V. ****** within a month, prepare and submit to the Central Committee proposals on the organization of the All-Union Society of Soviet-Chinese Friendship, bearing in mind the following tasks of the Society: systematic familiarization of the Soviet people with the life of the Chinese people; rendering assistance to the Society of Sino-Soviet Friendship in the work of popularizing the achievements of the Soviet Union; organization of mutual exchange of cultural and public delegations; rendering assistance to Soviet public and cultural organizations, scientists, specialists in the field of the national economy, artists in establishing an exchange of experience and mutual assistance, as well as in studying various aspects of the life and culture of both countries.
* Suslov M.A. - Member of the Politburo, Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Council of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR since 1954.
** Aleksandrov G.F. - Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Minister of Culture of the USSR in 1954-1955.
*** Stepanov V.P. - Head of the department of the Central Committee of the CPSU for relations with foreign communist parties in 1954-1955.
**** Zorin V. A. - Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR in 1947-1955.
***** Yasnov M.A. - Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Moscow City Council of People's Deputies in 1950-1956. At the same time, Chairman of the Council of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1950-1956.
****** Korobov A.V. - Managing Director of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1953-1958.
Note of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China to the Embassy of the USSR in the People's Republic of China. August 12, 1954
Archive: AVPRF. F. 100. Op. 41. P. 160. D. 5. L. 157.
78.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC shows its respect to the Embassy of the USSR in the PRC and has the honor to ask for assistance in the following:
The Government of the PRC intends to accept and publish the newspaper Novoye Slovo in Russian so that Soviet specialists in the PRC, Soviet citizens and citizens of the PRC who know Russian can read the newspaper in Russian.
To this end, the Government of the PRC intends to invite one Soviet specialist to the post of adviser to the editor of the above-mentioned newspaper and two employees to translate messages from Chinese into Russian.
The term of work of the above three employees in China is determined as 2 years. Working conditions will be determined by the Soviet-Chinese agreement on the conditions of work of Soviet specialists in China dated March 27, 1950 *
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs asks the Embassy to assist in this matter and expresses its gratitude in advance for the assistance provided**.
* See: Soviet-Chinese Relations... - pp. 129-131.
** See doc. 81.Agreement on cooperation in the field of radio broadcasting. August 21, 1954
Archive: AVPRF. F. Za. Op. 1. P. 62. D. 292. L. 1-9.
79.
Agreement on cooperation in the field of radio broadcasting between the Main Directorate of Radio Information of the Ministry of Culture of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Directorate of Radio Broadcasting of the Committee for Culture and Education under the State Administrative Council of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China
In order to further strengthen and develop friendly relations and cultural ties between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the People's Republic of China and to establish on this basis cooperation between both countries in the field of radio broadcasting, between the Main Directorate of Radio Information of the Ministry of Culture of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (hereinafter referred to as Soviet Radio) and The Broadcasting Bureau of the Committee for Cultural and Educational Affairs under the State Administrative Council of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as China Radio) enters into an Agreement as follows:
§1 Soviet Radio agrees to prepare for Chinese Radio special radio broadcasts in Chinese covering the most important events in the life of the USSR, the achievements of the peoples of the Soviet Union in social and political life and economic construction, successes in the development of socialist culture, science, technology and art, as well as the most important international developments.
§2 Chinese Radio will broadcast the broadcasts referred to in paragraph 1 on its radio stations for Chinese radio listeners.
§3 Chinese Radio agrees to prepare for Soviet Radio special radio broadcasts in Russian covering the most important events in the life of the People's Republic of China, the achievements of the Chinese people in social and political life and economic construction, successes in the development of culture, science, technology and art, as well as the most important international developments.
§4 Soviet Radio will broadcast the radio programs referred to in paragraph 3 on its radio stations for Soviet radio listeners.
§5 All questions concerning the details of the specific conduct of radio broadcasts specified in paragraphs 1 and 3 are resolved on the basis of a mutual agreement of the Parties.
§6 The Contracting Parties agree to systematically exchange recordings on magnetic tape and on gramophone records of musical works performed by professional and amateur ensembles and soloists, as well as, if necessary, notes and other printed materials on music matters.
Soviet Radio will send Chinese Radio recordings on tape or on gramophone records of Russian classical and Soviet music, music of the peoples of the USSR, as well as foreign music performed by Soviet ensembles and soloists.
Chinese Radio will send Soviet Radio recordings on tape or on gramophone records of Chinese classical and contemporary music, the music of the peoples of China, as well as foreign music performed by Chinese ensembles and soloists.
The indicated musical recordings shall be used by the Parties in radio broadcasting at their own discretion.
§7 The Contracting Parties agree to mutually exchange radio broadcasting experience.
Soviet Radio will systematically send Chinese Radio texts and tape recordings of the most interesting socio-political and other radio broadcasts used in Soviet radio broadcasting, as well as printed and other materials on the organization and technology of radio broadcasting and sound recording.
Chinese Radio will systematically send Soviet Radio texts and tape recordings of the most interesting socio-political and other radio broadcasts used in Chinese radio broadcasting, as well as printed and other materials on the organization and technology of radio broadcasting and sound recording.
These materials will be used by the Parties at their own discretion.
§8 Soviet Radio expresses its consent to annually hold special radio programs for Soviet radio listeners under the title "Week of Chinese Literature and Art": concerts of Chinese music performed by Chinese and Soviet artists, readings and dramatizations of works by Chinese writers and playwrights, performances by Chinese and Soviet figures of literature and art, acquainting Soviet radio listeners with the achievements of the People's Republic of China in the field of literature and art.
Chinese Radio expresses its consent to send the necessary materials to Soviet Radio: music recordings, literary works, speeches, etc., recommended for use in radio programs of the “Week of Chinese Literature and Art”.
§9 Chinese Radio agrees to annually hold special radio programs for Chinese radio listeners under the title “Week of Soviet Literature and Art”: concerts of music of the peoples of the USSR performed by Soviet and Chinese artists, reading and dramatization of works of literature of the peoples of the USSR, performances by Soviet and Chinese figures of literature and art, introducing Chinese radio listeners with the achievements of the USSR in the field of literature and art.
Soviet Radio agrees to send Chinese Radio the necessary materials: music recordings, literary works, speeches, etc., recommended for use in radio programs of the Week of Soviet Literature and Art.
§10 The agreement comes into force immediately from the moment of its signing and remains in force for two years. If none of the Contracting Parties makes a declaration of its desire to denounce the Agreement three months before the expiration of this Agreement, it shall remain in force for the subsequent period of two years, and so on. If it is necessary to make changes or additions to this Agreement, then this should be done through bilateral negotiations.
This Agreement is made in duplicate, each in Russian and Chinese, both texts being equally authentic.
The agreement was concluded in Moscow on August 21, 1954.
(Signatures)Letter from the Chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China Mao Zedong to the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU N.S. Khrushchev. August 27, 1954
AVPRF. F. 22. Op. 7. P. 102. D. 30. L. 5.
80.
Dear comrade Khrushchev!
On October 1, 1954, we celebrate our national holiday - the fifth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
On the same day, the solemn opening of an exhibition showing the successes of the Soviet Union in economic and cultural development will take place in Beijing.
Celebrating their national holiday - the fifth anniversary of the PRC, the Chinese people are deeply aware that the great successes our country has achieved in various fields of construction over the past five years are inseparable from your great and disinterested fraternal help. The display of the Soviet exhibition will be a great stimulus to the Chinese people, who have now begun to carry out socialist construction and socialist transformations.
Expressing ardent love for the Soviet people and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, on behalf of the Chinese people and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, I sincerely ask and hope that a government delegation of the Soviet Union, with the participation of responsible comrades from the Central Committee of the CPSU, will come to Beijing in order to celebrate with us our national holiday and take part in the opening ceremony of the Soviet exhibition. The arrival of the Soviet government delegation will be a great honor for the Chinese people and will further strengthen the great friendship between the Chinese and Soviet peoples.
In order to prepare for the meeting of your delegation, we hope to receive a message from you in the next few days about which of the comrades from the Central Committee of the CPSU will come to China*.
With communist greetings,
Mao Zedong
Note of the USSR Embassy in the People's Republic of China in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. September 1, 1954
Archive: AVPRF. F. 179. Op. 34. P. 19. D. 1. L. 21.
81.
The Embassy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shows its respect to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China and in response to the note dated August 12, 1954 Letter "Busu" (54) No. 0/847 * has the honor to announce that the Government of the USSR decided to transfer to the Government of the PRC equipment of the Novoye Slovo newspaper, owned by the Consulate General of the USSR in Tianjin.
The request to send to the editorial office of the Novoye Slovo newspaper one specialist as an adviser to the editor and two translators for a period of 2 years on the terms of the Soviet-Chinese agreement of March 27, 1950, was granted by the Government of the Soviet Union.
The Embassy asks the Ministry to inform it of its opinion on the procedure and date for the transfer and acceptance of the above-mentioned equipment to representatives of the Chinese Side.
* See doc. 78.
Letter from the Central Committee of the CPSU to Chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China Mao Zedong. September 3, 1954
Archive: AVPRF. F. 22. Op. 7. P. 102. D. 30. L. 5.
82.
Dear comrade Mao Zedong!
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union acknowledges receipt of your letter dated August 27, 1954*, which contains an invitation to send a government delegation of the Soviet Union to Beijing to participate in the celebration of the fifth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
The Central Committee of the CPSU gratefully accepts this invitation from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
We have appointed a governmental delegation of the Soviet Union for the trip to the People's Republic of China in the following composition: Khrushchev N.S. (head of the delegation), Bulganin N.A.**, Mikoyan A.I.***, Shvernik N.M.****, Alexandrov G.F., Shepilov D.T.*****, FurtsevaE . A .******, Stepanov V.P., Nasriddinova Y.S.*******
The delegation plans to leave Moscow by plane on 25 September. With communist greetings,
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
* See doc. 80.
** Bulganin N.A. - Minister of Defense of the USSR in 1953-1955, at the same time First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
*** Mikoyan A.I. - Minister of Trade of the USSR in 1953-1955
**** Shvernik N.M. - Chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions in 1953-1956.
***** Shepilov D.T. - editor-in-chief of the newspaper "Pravda" in 1952-1956.
****** Furtseva E.A. - First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU in 1954-1957.
******* Nasriddinova Ya.S. - Minister of Industry of Building Materials of the Uzbek USSR in 1952-1955.
Note of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China to the Embassy of the USSR in the People's Republic of China. September 11, 1954
Archive: AVPRF. F. 100. Op. 41. P. 160. D. 5. L. 187-189.
83.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China shows its respect to the Embassy of the USSR in the PRC and has the honor to ask for assistance in the following.
In 1954, the Xinhua Agency of the People's Republic of China plans to send to TASS for a period of 2-3 months 16 senior personnel of the Central Agency and its departments and 4 translators - a total of 20 people, for the purpose of specifically studying the best practices of TASS. All expenses of the delegation are covered by the Chinese side.
The question of the purpose of such a visit was previously raised by the director of the Xinhua News Agency of the People's Republic of China, Wu Lancy, in early August 1954, during his trip to Moscow, to the responsible head of TASS, Comrade Palgunov*.
At present, the Government of the PRC hopes to learn the opinion of the Government of the USSR on this question**.
At the same time, we are attaching one copy of the internship plan for joint discussion***.
The above group will include 5 interns, the issue of sending them to practice at TASS was orally raised before the charge d'affaires comrade Kurdyukov on November 3, 1952. The above 5 interns originally intended to leave for the USSR in September 1954. At present, the Xinhua News Agency hopes that these trainees, after being introduced, will be retained for internships at TASS. The term for the internship of the above 5 people will be set depending on the results of familiarization with the work of TASS. In principle, the period of practice will not exceed one year.
We earnestly ask the Embassy to inform us of the opinion of the competent bodies of the USSR on this issue.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China expresses its gratitude to the Embassy for the assistance rendered.
* Palgunov N.G. - General Director of TASS in 1943-1960.
* * See doc. 85.
* * Not published.
Letter from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to the National Assembly of People's Representatives of the People's Republic of China. September 17, 1954
Archive: Truth. 1954. 18 Sept.
84.
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics warmly welcomes the first session of the National People's Congress of China.
The National People's Congress begins its work at a time when the Chinese people, led by the Communist Party, have made outstanding progress in political, economic and cultural construction.
The recent general elections for people's congresses at all levels, up to and including the National People's Congress, have provided new evidence of the active participation of the people of China in the administration of their people's democratic state. The elections showed that the people's democratic government in the People's Republic of China enjoys popular support.
The first session of the National People's Congress, which met to adopt a people's constitution that consolidates the fruits of the Chinese people's long heroic struggle for national independence, democracy and socialism, is an outstanding event in the life of the Chinese people.
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, on behalf of the entire Soviet people, expresses its deep respect to the National People's Congress and, through it, to the fraternal Chinese people, and wishes them success in their struggle for the greatness and flourishing of the Chinese people's state.
Long live the indestructible friendship between the peoples of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China!
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
Note of the First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR A.A. Gromyko and TASS General Director N.G. Palgunov to the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU. September 17, 1954
Archive: AVPRF. F. 22. Op. 7. P. 102. D. 30. L. 11-12.
85.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China addressed the Soviet embassy in the PRC with a note in which it asked to accept 16 senior employees of the Xinhua Agency and its branches and 4 translators (20 people in total) to study the experience of TASS*. This number includes 5 interns for whom there is an agreement (decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU of 01/07/1953). The trip of the group is planned in 1954 for a period of 2-3 months, all expenses are covered by the Chinese side.
The question of the purpose of this group's trip was raised by Xinhua director Wu Lancy in a conversation with TASS officials in Moscow in August this year. Lancey said at the time that this group was given the following tasks: to study the principles of organization and the organizational structure of TASS; methodology for writing information messages, interviews; methods of work of photojournalists; the work of foreign TASS correspondents, the theory and practice of correspondent work; the work of intra-union TASS correspondents with a trip to the allied republican agencies and TASS correspondents; familiarization with the equipment and technical equipment of TASS for receiving and transmitting information, as well as with the method of training TASS correspondents.
The USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs and TASS consider it possible to receive a group of Xinhua agency employees consisting of 20 people (including 4 translators) for a period of 2-3 months, starting from December 1 of this year. to study the experience of TASS.
The draft decision is attached**.
(Signatures)
* See doc. 83.
** Not published. The resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU was approved on September 25, 1954.
Speech by First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, Permanent Representative of the USSR to the UN A.Ya. Vyshinsky at the plenary session of the IX session of the UN General Assembly. September 21, 1954
Archive: Truth. 1954. 23 Sept.
86.
Allow me, on behalf of the delegation of the Soviet Union, to welcome our temporary chairman and thank you for the kind words addressed to this session of the General Assembly. At the same time, allow me, on behalf of the Soviet Union, to welcome the delegates to the ninth session of the General Assembly and wish them success in their work to resolve the important issues before the General Assembly.
Mrs. Pandit* quite rightly noted just now that the present session is opening at a time when tensions in international relations have begun to ease. There is no doubt that the Berlin Conference of the Four Foreign Ministers and the Geneva Conference of the Foreign Ministers of the United States of America, Britain, France, the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, which has rightfully taken its rightful place among the great powers, with the participation of other interested countries.
I consider it necessary to dwell on this issue before the Assembly begins its organic work, emphasizing the circumstances which I will have the honor to describe further. It is impossible to deny the fact that the Geneva Conference took a major step towards easing international tension - the bloody war that had lasted for almost 8 years was stopped and peace was restored in Indochina. At the same time, the Geneva Conference confirmed the important role played by the great Chinese people in resolving disputed international issues. This conference confirmed the correctness of the principle advocated by the Soviet Union and a number of other countries that it is impossible to resolve the most important issues of maintaining peace and international security without the participation of a great power - the People's Republic of China.
The positive role played by the participation of the People's Republic of China in the Geneva Conference is now universally recognized. The noble initiative of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China and the government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, supported by the Soviet Union, in the cause of a ceasefire in Korea and the signing of an armistice agreement is well known. The talks held in June this year between the Premier of the State Administrative Council of the People's Republic of China, Mr. Zhou Enlai, and the Prime Minister of India, Mr. Nehru, as well as the talks between Mr. Zhou Enlai and the Prime Minister of Burma, Mr. Wu Nu, show that that these major Asian powers have reached an understanding on their joint efforts to promote peace in Southeast Asia and throughout the world.
This session of the General Assembly faces important tasks that all the peoples of the world look forward to accomplishing. In emphasizing this, our interim chairman, Ms. Pandit, also did the right thing.
Our Charter requires the United Nations to carry out its duties in accordance with the principles of justice, with the principles of international law, to develop friendly relations among nations and to be the center for the concerted action of nations and for the achievement of common goals.
Only by conscientious fulfillment of the requirements of the Charter can the United Nations fulfill its duty - we have no doubt of this - to all mankind in the matter of strengthening international security and strengthening world peace.
It must be admitted, however, that the majority in the General Assembly systematically deviates from these demands. As is known, the people's liberation struggle of the Chinese people already in 1949 led to a complete and decisive victory of a national character. It was a great historic victory that radically changed the situation in Asian countries. Over the past five years, China has traveled a glorious path in its historical development. The Central People's Government led the Chinese people's great campaign to build a new life, where the welfare of the people is indeed the highest law. The Chinese people of 600 million are successfully building a new life under the leadership of their people's government, also contributing to strengthening international relations based on friendly cooperation, protecting peace and ensuring international security.
Gentlemen, delegates, is it not monstrous that in the United Nations, which claims to be an international organization designed to strengthen the bonds of friendship between peoples, there are still no representatives of the great Chinese people of 600 million, when the place legally belonging to the People's Republic of China in the UN is still now occupied by a representative of the Kuomintang clique expelled from China. This situation is humiliating for the United Nations. This situation undermines its international prestige, undermines respect and trust in the United Nations as an international organization. Such a situation cannot be tolerated under any circumstances. This situation harms the interests of all peace-loving peoples, deprives our organization, called the United Nations, opportunities to act in a worthy manner in the great cause of strengthening world peace and international security. The non-participation of the People's Republic of China has a negative impact on the activities of such important bodies as the Security Council, where, according to the Charter, China takes the place of a permanent member, but where this place is illegally occupied by a representative who has no right to do so, representing no one.
Such a situation - I repeat - cannot be tolerated under any circumstances.
The United Nations cannot ignore the demands of broad public and political circles throughout the world that such flagrant injustice, such lawlessness as the deprivation of the People's Republic of China of its legitimate right to take its seat in the United Nations and its important organs such as the Council of Security.
A number of leading statesmen from various countries, including Great Britain, India, Pakistan, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden and a number of other countries, are in favor of restoring the legitimate rights of the PRC in the United Nations.
All this testifies to the fact that in the widest circles of all countries they understand the importance of the participation of the People's Republic of China in international affairs; understand that one cannot speak of the United Nations as an authoritative international organization if one of the great powers, the People's Republic of China, is deprived of the opportunity to participate in its work.
It is indisputable that the issue of restoring the legitimate rights of the PRC in the UN would have found its positive solution long ago, if not for one of the great powers - the United States of America - did not prevent this under all sorts of artificial pretexts, devoid of any political, legal and moral grounds. Nor do they want to reckon with the fact that almost 25 states have established or are establishing diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China.
Such a policy, ignoring the national interests of the peoples of Asia, is doomed, in our deep conviction, to failure, which has more than once befallen those who did not want and do not want to reckon with the course of historical events, which proved that such a policy can end in nothing but failure. It is the duty of all peace-loving peoples to remove the obstacles that prevent the People's Republic of China from taking its rightful place in the United Nations and joining the work of this organization, which cannot be successful until the People's Republic of China participates in it on an equal footing with all sovereign states. .
In view of the foregoing, the delegation of the Soviet Union proposes to adopt the following resolution now:
"The General Assembly deems it essential that the representatives of the People's Republic of China, appointed by the Central People's Government, take China's rightful place in the General Assembly and other organs of the United Nations."
The Soviet delegation considers it its duty to draw the special attention of the General Assembly to the fact that any further delay in resolving this issue would inevitably cause serious damage to the international prestige of the United Nations and to the strengthening of security and peace throughout the world.
The delegation of the Soviet Union expresses the hope that the question of restoring the rights of the Chinese people in the United Nations will be positively resolved at this session without any further delay.
** Pandit Vijaya Lakshmi - Chairman of the UN General Assembly in 1953-1954.Letter from the Soviet government delegation to the Chairman of the People's Republic of China Mao Zedong. October 5, 1954
News. 1954. 14 Oct.
89.
The Soviet government delegation has the honor to inform you that the government of the USSR, as a token of friendship, has decided to present to the government of the People's Republic of China the machine tools and agricultural machinery exhibited at the Soviet exhibition in Peking, in accordance with the attached list*.
Soviet government delegation
* Not published. See doc. 90.Letter from the Chairman of the People's Republic of China Mao Zedong to the Soviet government delegation. October 12, 1954
News. 1954. 14 Oct.
90.
Dear comrade Khrushchev and comrades, members of the Soviet government delegation!
The Soviet government delegation in a letter dated October 5, 1954* informed me of the decision of the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to donate to our country machine tools and agricultural machines, 83 in all, exhibited at the Exhibition of Economic and Cultural Achievements of the Soviet Union in Peking. Permit me, on behalf of the People's Republic of China and the Chinese people, to express heartfelt gratitude to the government of the USSR. The Chinese people will regard this generous gift as a concrete expression of the sincere friendship of the Soviet people for the Chinese people.
Mao Zedong
* See doc. 89.Letter from the Soviet government delegation to the Chairman of the People's Republic of China Mao Zedong. October 12, 1954
News. 1954. 13 Oct.
91.
An extensive program is being carried out in the Soviet Union to develop virgin and fallow lands in order to significantly increase grain production and develop all branches of agricultural production on this basis. As the experience of mass development of virgin lands shows, the most expedient form of carrying out this work is the organization of grain state farms.
Bearing in mind that work is beginning in the People's Republic of China on the development of virgin and fallow lands, and wishing to pass on the experience accumulated by the Soviet Union in this matter, as a sign of fraternal friendship between the Chinese and Soviet peoples and in commemoration of the five-year anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, we ask you to accept a gift to the Chinese to the people from the Soviet people the equipment and machinery necessary for the organization of a grain state farm with a sown area of 20,000 hectares.
To equip the grain state farm, the following is allocated: tracked tractors "S-80" - 30 pieces, tracked tractors "DT-54" - 64, row-crop tractors "Belorus" - 4, grain harvesters - 100, trucks - 30, fuel trucks - 4, tankers - 4, mobile workshops - 2, passenger cars - 9, motorcycles with sidecars - 10, single-axle trailers - 6, two-axle trailers - 8, tractor plows - 128, tractor grain seeders - 120, cultivators and cultivators - 100, harrows - 1600, grain cleaning machines - 16, hay harvesters - 16, various machine tools for repair shop equipment - 14, electric welding equipment - 2 sets, equipment for a 220 kW power plant, radio stations of various brands - 13, a telephone exchange for one hundred numbers and a mobile cinema installation.
To provide organizational and technical assistance in the construction and development of a grain farm, we are ready to send Soviet specialists to the People's Republic of China for the period of organization and the first year of mastering the production of a grain farm as advisers - the director of the state farm, the chief agronomist, the chief mechanical engineer, the head of the repair shop, agronomists and mechanics of departments and the chief accountant of the grain farm, so that the Chinese workers who were placed at the head of the grain farm, together with Soviet specialists, would master the technique and management system of large grain farms in the shortest possible time.
The Soviet Union bears the cost of maintaining these specialists.
We express the hope that the organization of such a grain sovkhoz will help China's agriculture to use the experience of the Soviet Union in the development of virgin and fallow lands in the People's Republic of China and will serve to further strengthen friendship between the Soviet and Chinese peoples*.
Soviet government delegation
* See doc. 92.Letter from the Chairman of the People's Republic of China Mao Zedong to the Soviet government delegation. October 12, 1954
News. 1954. 13 Oct.
92.
Dear Comrade Khrushchev and members of the Soviet government delegation!
On the fifth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the government delegation of the Soviet Union, on behalf of the Soviet people, is donating to the Chinese people the equipment and machinery necessary for organizing a grain state farm with a sown area of 20,000 hectares.* For the period of organization and the first year of mastering the production of a grain state farm In order to provide organizational and technical assistance in the construction and development of the grain state farm, the Soviet government is ready to send specialists to the People's Republic of China as advisers so that the Chinese workers put at the head of the grain state farm, together with Soviet specialists, will master the technique and management system in the shortest possible time large grain farm.
On behalf of the People's Republic of China and the Chinese people, I have the honor to warmly welcome and sincerely thank the Soviet government and people for this important, great, friendly help.
There is no doubt that this grain state farm will not only play an important exemplary role in advancing the socialist transformation of China's agriculture, but will also help China train technical personnel for agriculture and study the valuable experience of the Soviet Union in the development of virgin and fallow lands. The Chinese people see this generous assistance of the Soviet people as yet another manifestation of the deep friendship of the Soviet people for the Chinese people and their concern for and support for the construction work led by the Chinese people.
Long live the great, fraternal friendship between China and the Soviet Union!
Mao Zedong
* See doc. 91.Joint Declaration of the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Government of the People's Republic of China. October 12, 1954
News. 1954. 12 Oct.
93.
The government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the government of the People's Republic of China establish complete unity of views both in the field of developing all-round cooperation between the two states and on questions of the international situation.
In the past five years since the historic victory of the Chinese people and the formation of the People's Republic of China, relations have developed between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China based on close cooperation in full compliance with the Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance of February 14, 1950. This treaty is based on lies the sincere desire of the Chinese and Soviet peoples to provide each other with mutual assistance, promote the economic and cultural progress of both countries, further strengthen and expand fraternal friendship between them, and thereby contribute to the strengthening of peace and security in the Far East and throughout the world in accordance with the goals and principles United Nations.
Experience has shown the great vitality of the established cooperation between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, which is a reliable bulwark of peace and security in the Far East and an important factor in maintaining world peace.
The government of the Soviet Union and the government of the People's Republic of China declare that the friendly relations that have developed between the USSR and China are the basis for further close cooperation between the two states in accordance with the principles of equality, mutual benefit, mutual respect for state sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Both governments are unanimous in their desire to continue to take part in all international actions aimed at strengthening peace, and will consult with each other whenever questions arise that affect the common interests of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, with a view to harmonizing their actions, aimed at ensuring the security of both states, maintaining peace in the Far East and throughout the world.
The Geneva Conference, which led to the cessation of hostilities in Indochina and opened up the possibility of settling the situation in Indochina in accordance with the legitimate national interests of the peoples of this region, showed the importance for the cause of peace of the participation in the consideration of pressing international problems of all the great powers to which the UN Charter lays primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace. It also showed the complete groundlessness of the policy of the leading circles of the United States, which is preventing the People's Republic of China from taking its rightful place in the UN.
Such a policy, like the direct acts of aggression committed by the United States against the People's Republic of China, and especially the continued occupation by the United States of part of the territory of the PRC - the island of Taiwan, as well as military and financial support for the Chiang Kai-shek clique hostile to the Chinese people - are incompatible with the tasks of maintaining peace in China. the Far East and reduce international tensions.
Both governments consider it abnormal that Korea continues to be divided into two parts, contrary to the natural aspirations of the Korean people for national reunification into a single, peaceful, democratic Korean state. Recognizing that one of the important tasks, the solution of which would be of great importance for strengthening peace in the Far East, is the unification of Korea, they consider it necessary to convene in the near future a conference on the Korean question with the broad participation of the interested states.
The Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China strongly condemn the creation of an aggressive military bloc in Southeast Asia*, since this bloc is based on the imperialist goals of its initiators, directed primarily against the security and national independence of the countries of Asia, as well as against the interests of peace in the region. Asia and the Pacific.
They consider it necessary to state that the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China will continue to build their relations with the countries of Asia and the Pacific, as well as with other states, on the basis of strict adherence to the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference in internal cause, equality and mutual benefit, peaceful coexistence, which opens up wide opportunities for the development of fruitful international cooperation.
Both governments are deeply convinced that such a policy meets the fundamental interests of all peoples, including the peoples of Asia, whose security and well-being can be ensured only on the basis of the joint efforts of states in the defense of peace.
The Soviet Government and the Government of the People's Republic of China, for their part, will make every effort to promote the settlement of unresolved international problems, including problems relating to Asia.
* September 8, 1954 in Manila, representatives of the United States, England, France, Australia, New Zealand, as well as Thailand, Pakistan and the Philippines signed an agreement on the basis of which the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was established - a military-political union that existed until 1977.Soviet-Chinese Communiqué on the withdrawal of Soviet military units from the jointly used Chinese naval base of Port Arthur and on the transfer of this base to the full control of the PRC. October 12, 1954
Archive: Truth. 1954. 12 Oct.
94.
Taking into account the change in the international situation in the Far East in connection with the cessation of the war in Korea and the restoration of peace in Indochina, and also taking into account the strengthening of the defense capability of the People's Republic of China, the Government of the Soviet Union and the Government of the People's Republic of China, in accordance with the established and ever stronger relations of friendship and cooperation between the two states, agreed that Soviet military units be withdrawn from the jointly used naval base of Port Arthur and facilities in this area be transferred free of charge to the government of the People's Republic of China.
Both sides agreed to entrust the implementation of measures related to the withdrawal of Soviet military units and the transfer of facilities in the area of the naval base of Port Arthur to the government of the People's Republic of China on the Soviet-Chinese joint military commission in Port Arthur, formed in accordance with the Agreement of February 14 1950
The withdrawal of Soviet troops and the transfer of installations to the government of the PRC in the area of the naval base of Port Arthur will be completed by May 31, 1955*
* On May 24, 1955, the Final Protocol of the Soviet-Chinese joint military commission was signed on the withdrawal of Soviet armed forces from Port Arthur and on the transfer of installations in this area to China. See also doc. 126.Soviet-Chinese communiqué on the transfer to the People's Republic of China of the Soviet share of participation in mixed Soviet-Chinese societies. October 12, 1954
Archive: News. 1954. 12 Oct.
95.
In 1950 and 1951 by agreement between the Soviet government and the Chinese government, four mixed Soviet-Chinese societies were created on an equal footing:
Society for the Mining of Nonferrous and Rare Metals in the Xinjiang Province of the People's Republic of China,
Society for the Extraction and Refining of Oil in the Xinjiang Province of the People's Republic of China,
Society for the construction and repair of ships in the city of Dalniy and the Society for the organization and operation of civil overhead lines *.
It was a time when the young People's Republic of China faced the task of restoring the national economy. The formation of Soviet-Chinese societies made it possible to quickly organize the work of enterprises that became part of these societies, significantly expand their production capacity and raise the overall technical level, using the advanced Soviet experience in economic construction. Thus, mixed societies have played a positive role and made a certain contribution to the restoration and development of the Chinese economy.
Today, when the People's Republic of China, having restored its economy, is successfully fulfilling the first five-year plan, the Chinese economic organizations have accumulated the necessary experience and can themselves manage the activities of enterprises belonging to mixed societies, the governments of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China have come to an agreement that the Soviet the share of participation in mixed Soviet-Chinese companies will be completely transferred to the People's Republic of China from January 1, 1955. The cost of this share will be reimbursed over a number of years by deliveries to the Soviet Union of goods that are the subject of ordinary exports from the People's Republic of China.
Thus, the enterprises that are now part of the mixed Soviet-Chinese societies will become completely state-owned enterprises of the People's Republic of China.
Both governments unanimously consider that this decision of theirs is in line with the friendly relations established between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China and will further strengthen economic cooperation on the basis of equality, mutual assistance and respect for each other's interests.
* See, respectively: Soviet-Chinese relations ... - pp. 138-145, 132-138, 238-244, 145-152.Agreement between the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the government of the People's Republic of China on scientific and technical cooperation. October 12, 1954
Archive: WUA RF. F. Za. Op. 1. P. 62. D. 293.
96.
The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Government of the People's Republic of China, in order to further develop and strengthen economic ties between the two countries and carry out broad scientific and technical cooperation in accordance with the Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance of February 14, 1950, agreed on the following:
Article 1
The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Government of the People's Republic of China will carry out scientific and technical cooperation between the two countries through the exchange of experience in all branches of the national economy.
Both Parties will transfer technical documentation to each other, exchange relevant information, and will also send specialists to provide technical assistance and familiarize themselves with the achievements of both countries in the scientific and technical field.
The transfer of technical documentation will be made by the Parties free of charge with payment of only the actual costs associated with the production of copies of documents.
Article 2
In order to develop measures for the implementation of the cooperation referred to in Article 1 and to submit appropriate recommendations to both Governments, a Soviet-Chinese Commission will be formed, in which each of the Governments will appoint seven members.
Sessions of the Commission will take place at least twice a year, alternately in Moscow and Beijing.
Article 3
Each of the Governments shall have the right to send, respectively, to Moscow or Beijing, one of the members of the Commission referred to in Article 2, appointed by it, to ensure constant and direct communication between the Parties on matters of this Agreement.
Article 4
This Agreement shall enter into force on the day of its signing and will be valid for five years.
If none of the Parties declares, twelve months before the expiration of the specified period, its desire to terminate the Agreement, then it will remain in force for the next five years.
Done at Beijing on October 12, 1954, in duplicate, each in the Russian and Chinese languages, both texts being equally authentic.Soviet-Chinese Communiqué on the construction of the Lanzhou-Urumqi-Alma-Ata railway. October 12, 1954
ews. 1954. 12 Oct.
97.
In order to strengthen mutual economic and cultural ties, the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the government of the People's Republic of China agreed that both sides would soon begin building a railway from Lanzhou through Urumqi - on Chinese territory - to Alma-Ata - on Soviet territory. The construction of this railway on the territory of China is undertaken by the Chinese government; construction on the territory of the Soviet Union is undertaken by the Soviet government. During the construction of this railroad on Chinese territory, the Soviet government will render all-round technical assistance to the Chinese government. The construction of the section of this railway from Lanzhou to Yuimin in China had already begun in 1953.Communiqué on Soviet-Chinese talks on questions of Soviet-Chinese relations and the international situation. October 12, 1954
AVPRF. F. Za. Op. 1. P. 63. D. 301. L. 1-4.
98.
From September 29 to October 12, a government delegation of the Soviet Union was in China, consisting of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU and a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Khrushchev N.S., First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Bulganin N.A., Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Mikoyan A.I., Chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions Shvernik N.M., Minister of Culture of the USSR Alexandrov G.F., Editor-in-Chief of the Pravda newspaper D.T. Shepilov, Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU Furtseva E.A., Minister building materials industry of the Uzbek SSR Nasriddinova Ya.S., head of the department of the Central Committee of the CPSU Stepanov V.P., USSR Ambassador to the People's Republic of China Yudin P.F.,arrived at the invitation of the Chinese government in connection with the celebration of the fifth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
During the stay of the Soviet delegation in the People's Republic of China, between the members of the delegation, on the one hand, and the Premier of the State Council and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Enlai, Deputy Premiers Chen Yun, Peng Dehuai, Deng Xiaoping, Deng Zihui, Li Fuchun, on the other hand, negotiations were held on questions of Soviet-Chinese relations and the international situation.
The talks were also attended by Chinese President Mao Zedong, Vice President Zhu De, Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Liu Shaoqi.
The talks were held in an atmosphere of sincere friendship and mutual understanding.
Below are published the joint declarations of the governments of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China on questions of Soviet-Chinese relations and the international situation* and on the question of relations with Japan**, a joint communiqué on the question of the naval base of Port Arthur***, on the question of existing mixed Soviet-Chinese joint-stock companies ****, on an agreement on scientific and technical cooperation*****, on the construction of the Lanzhou - Urumqi - Alma-Ata railway 6 *.
In addition, an agreement was signed on the government of the USSR to provide the government of the PRC with a long-term loan in the amount of 520 million rubles 7 * and a protocol on the government of the USSR rendering assistance to the government of the PRC in the construction of an additional 15 industrial enterprises and increasing the volume of supplies of equipment for 141 enterprises 7 *, provided for in the earlier signed agreement 8 *, the total cost of additional supplies of equipment from the USSR is over 400 million rubles.
* See doc. 93.
** Not published. (See: Collection of existing agreements ... M., 1957. Issue XVI. S. 14-15.)
*** See doc. 94.
**** See doc. 95.
*****Cm. doc. 96.
6 * See doc. 97.
7 * Not published.
8 * See doc. 50.Message about the reception at the USSR Embassy in China in honor of the government delegation of the Soviet Union. October 12, 1954
Archive: Truth. 1954. 13 Oct.
99.
Today, the USSR Ambassador to the People's Republic of China P.F. Yudin hosted a reception in honor of the Soviet government delegation visiting the People's Republic of China in connection with the celebration of the fifth anniversary of the PRC.
The reception was attended by a government delegation of the Soviet Union, consisting of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU and a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Comrade Khrushchev N.S. (head of the delegation), First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Comrade Bulganin N.A., Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Comrade Mikoyan A.I., Chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions Comrade Shvernik N.M., Minister of Culture of the USSR Comrade Alexandrov G. F., editor-in-chief of the Pravda newspaper comrade Shepilov D.T., secretary of the Moscow city committee of the CPSU comrade Furtseva E.A., minister of building materials industry of the Uzbek SSR comrade Nasriddinova Ya.S., head of the department of the Central Committee of the CPSU comrade Stepanov V.P.
From the Chinese side, the reception was attended by Chairman of the People's Republic of China Mao Zedong, Vice Chairman of the People's Republic of China Zhu De, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Liu Shaoqi, Premier of the State Council and Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai, as well as Song Qingling*, Lin Boju**, Li Jishen***, Dong Biu****, Chen Yun, Luo Ronghuan*****, Shen Junruu 6 *, Guo Moruo 7 *, Peng Zhen 8 *, Chen Shugong 9 *, Peng Dehuai , Dalai Lama, Huang Yanpei 10 *, Deng Xiaoping, Panchen Lama, Li Weihan, Li Fuchun and others.
The reception was also attended by the leaders and members of the government delegations of Romania and Albania, who were in the PRC, employees of the USSR embassy in China, representatives of Soviet organizations in Beijing, heads of embassies and missions accredited in the PRC, Chinese and foreign journalists.
Soviet Ambassador to China P.F. Yudin proclaimed a toast in honor of the eternal, indestructible friendship between the PRC and the USSR.
Then the head of the Soviet government delegation, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR N.S. Khrushchev. He pointed to the importance of the agreements concluded between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the People's Republic of China for strengthening peace and security in the Far East and throughout the world, and proclaimed a toast in honor of the eternal, indestructible friendship between the two great peoples of the two great states - China and the USSR. Speech by N.S. Khrushchev was repeatedly interrupted by stormy, prolonged applause.
Chinese Premier and Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai delivered a speech at the reception.
* Gong Qingling - Vice Chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China in 1949-1954, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress since 1954, Chairman of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Society since 1954.
** Lin Boju - Member of the Central People's Government Council of the People's Republic of China, General Secretary of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China since 1949.
*** Li Jishen - Vice Chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China since 1949.
****Dong Biu - Member of the Central People's Government Council of the People's Republic of China, Deputy Premier of the State Administrative Council of the People's Republic of China in 1949-1954, Chairman of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China since 1954.
***** Luo Ronghuan - Member of the Central People's Government Council of the People's Republic of China, Attorney General of the People's Procuratorate General of the People's Republic of China since 1949, Marshal of the PLA since 1955.
6 * Shen Junru - Member of the Central People's Government Council of the People's Republic of China, Chairman of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China since 1949, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress since 1954.
7 * Guo Moruo - Member of the Central People's Government Council of the People's Republic of China since 1949, President of the Academy of Sciences of the People's Republic of China, Vice President of the World Peace Council.
8 * Peng Zhen - Member of the Central People's Government Council of the People's Republic of China since 1949, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress since 1954, Chairman of the Beijing City People's Government since 1951.
9 * Chen Shutong - Member of the Central People's Government Council of the People's Republic of China since 1949.
10 * Huang Yanpei - Member of the Central People's Government Council of the People's Republic of China, Vice Premier of the State Administrative Council of the People's Republic of China since 1949, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress since 1954.
Speech by the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU N.S. Khrushchev when leaving Beijing. October 13, 1954
Archive: Truth. 1954. 14 Oct.
101.
Dear comrades, our close friends!
Leaving the glorious capital of the People's Republic of China, Peking, our delegation considers it its duty to express its deep gratitude for the great attention and cordial hospitality that we met everywhere the Soviet delegation visited.
We naturally perceive these sincere feelings of love and respect as one of the manifestations of fraternal friendship between our great peoples, of the inseparable alliance between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union. This fruitful friendship grows and strengthens every day. The past five years have shown that the stronger our friendship and fraternal mutual assistance, the stronger the People's Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics become, the more powerful the camp of peace, democracy and socialism.
In the five years of its peaceful development, the People's Republic of China, under the proven leadership of the Communist Party of China, has achieved truly grandiose successes. We saw this everywhere during our stay in China. Now, more than ever, the Chinese people are united and with inexhaustible enthusiasm are strengthening their people's state, transforming the entire life of the country on a democratic basis.
The victories that the Chinese people have won and are winning in following the path of socialist transformations are the victories of the entire camp of peace, democracy and socialism, for the strengthening of the People's Republic of China and the growth of its forces means, at the same time, the growth of our common forces, helps to avert the threat of war.
It is pleasant and joyful to note that during the short time our delegation spent in the People's Republic of China, in an atmosphere of complete mutual understanding, decisions were reached on all the issues discussed, agreements were concluded aimed at the welfare and happiness of the peoples of the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union, at the further development and strengthening of our indestructible friendship, to strengthen world peace. The principles of deep respect for each other, fraternal care and mutual assistance underlie these agreements. That is why they will be received with great satisfaction by the peoples of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, who build their relations with other peoples on the basis of full respect for the vital interests of these peoples.
The mutual exchange of views and our joint fruitful work have shown once again that there is complete mutual understanding between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China on all questions of our further development, on all international issues.
Leaving Peking, we will continue with even greater confidence our common cause aimed at the prosperity of our countries, at the further development of the great friendship between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the People's Republic of China, at strengthening the entire mighty camp of peace, democracy and socialism.
Long live our eternal and tested friend and brother, the great Chinese people!
May the brotherhood and friendship of the peoples of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China live and prosper - a mighty factor of world peace!Recording leaders of the PRC in the guest book at the exhibition of economic and cultural achievements of the USSR, organized in Beijing. October 25, 1954
Archive: Truth. 1954. 31 Oct.
102.
Viewing the exhibition of economic and cultural achievements of the Soviet Union gave us great joy and satisfaction. The exhibition clearly and convincingly shows the rapid growth of Soviet industry and agriculture, the high level of development of Soviet science and technology, the flourishing of education, culture and art in the Soviet Union, and the happy life of the Soviet people. Thanks to all this, the exhibition is also a vivid evidence of the boundless activity and creative initiative shown by the Soviet people in their work, evidence of the solidarity and unity of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Soviet government and all the peoples of the Soviet Union, evidence of the correctness of the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. We are proud to have such a powerful ally.
The brilliant successes in the economic and cultural construction of the USSR are arousing unprecedented enthusiasm among the Chinese people in building socialism and are an excellent example for the Chinese people to learn. The Soviet government and the Soviet people are giving us enormous, all-round, daily assistance in our construction. This assistance has increased even more as a result of recent Sino-Soviet negotiations. The Exhibition of Economic and Cultural Achievements of the Soviet Union is also a manifestation of the heartfelt assistance of the Soviet Union to our country.
On behalf of the entire Chinese people, we express our gratitude for this brotherly friendship.
Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, ZhuDe, Chen Yun, Lin Boju, Dong Biu, Peng Dehuai, Peng Zhen, Deng Xiaoping.Recording of the conversation of the First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR A.A. Gromyko with Chinese Ambassador to the USSR Zhang Wentian. November 18, 1954
Archive: WUA RF. F. 22. Op. 76. P. 106. D 1. L. 83-85.
103.
Today at 15:00 I received Zhang Wentian at his request.
Zhang Wentian said that in connection with the note of the Soviet government of November 13, 1 , the PRC government expresses its support for the proposal of the USSR government and is ready to send an observer to participate in the conference.
Zhang Wentian added that a special editorial had been published in the People's Daily on this issue, and that soon the government of the PRC would send his note in response to the note of the Soviet government*.
Referring further to the negative reaction in the US bourgeois press and the official circles of Western countries regarding the proposal of the USSR government, Zhang Wentian asked whether the provision should be understood in such a way that a conference on the question of pan-European security could be held without the participation of these states.
I said that's exactly what's going on.
Zhang Wentian asked if there were plans to discuss any other questions at the meeting, apart from the question raised by the Soviet government. I said that the conference was being convened to discuss the question raised by the Soviet government in its note of November 13th.
Zhang Wentian asked whether, in our opinion, the invited countries should be represented at the meeting: individual representatives or delegations.
I replied that we at the Foreign Ministry were also thinking about this issue and that at the moment I was not yet ready to express definite considerations on this matter.
Zhang Wentian asked if the press would attend the meeting.
I responded tentatively that it might be wise for members of the press to be allowed to attend the official opening of the meeting and possibly some final act.
Zhang Wentian further asked what position the PRC observer should have at the meeting in terms of his role and functions. Clarifying this idea, he asked whether the speech of the Chinese observer was meant and whether the word “observer” meant that there should be one representative from the PRC at the meeting or it could be a delegation.
Expressing my opinion, I replied that I did not foresee any difficulties in a positive decision on the question of the speech of the representative of the PRC, if this corresponded to the wishes of the Government of the PRC.
I also expressed the opinion that the official status of “observer” does not mean at all that there should be one person from the PRC at the meeting.
In connection with Zhang Wentian's question regarding the observer's speech, I asked Zhang Wentian if this could be understood as the wish of the PRC government for the Chinese representative to speak at the meeting.
Zhang Wentian said that in general this should be understood as such, but that his raising of these questions is due to the fact that the PRC government would like to consult Moscow on these issues in advance in order to properly prepare for the conference.
I said that I would report this to the Minister and repeated again that I did not foresee any difficulties in reaching an agreement on these issues.
I further said that as soon as I had additional considerations to what I had already told him in this conversation, the ambassador would be informed about it in a timely manner.
In closing, I thanked Zhang Wentian for relaying the response from the PRC government.
The conversation lasted 15 minutes. Present: 1st Secretary of the Embassy of the People's Republic of China Yan Minzhi and Deputy. head 1 FEB Comrade Dedovsky.
Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR
A.A. Gromyko
*Cm. doc. 104.
On November 13, 1954, the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent identical notes from the Soviet government regarding the convening of an All-European Conference on the Creation of a Collective Security System in Europe to the embassies and missions of European countries located in Moscow, as well as the US embassy. In addition, this note was sent to the Embassy of the People's Republic of China, whose representative was invited to the said Meeting as an observer.
Below (abbreviated) is its text, published in the newspaper Pravda on November 14, 1954.
Note of the Soviet government to the governments of European countries and the USA
The Soviet government considers it necessary to state [...] the following.
October 23 this year agreements were signed in Paris concerning West Germany. The signing of these agreements was preceded by a meeting of nine countries in London, the participants of which agreed on separate measures on the German question.
The Paris agreements provide, in violation of existing international agreements on Germany, the restoration of militarism in West Germany, the creation of West German armed forces and the involvement of West Germany in the military groupings of certain states, opposed to other European states. [...]
All this testifies to the fact that a course is being pursued with respect to West Germany which is incompatible neither with the task of consolidating peace in Europe, nor with the task of restoring the national unity of Germany. [...]
In an effort to facilitate the resolution of the question of restoring the unity of Germany, the Soviet government made a proposal to consider the question of the immediate withdrawal of the occupying troops from the territory of East and West Germany. [...]
There is a need to create such a security system in Europe, the participants of which would be all European states, regardless of their social and state structure. [...]
Proceeding from this, the Soviet Government believes that it became necessary to convene without further delay a conference of all European states that wish to take part in it, as well as the United States of America, on the question of creating a system of collective security in Europe.
Recognizing the special responsibility for maintaining international peace and security that rests with the permanent members of the UN Security Council, the Soviet government considers it desirable that the People's Republic of China send an observer to this meeting. [...]
The Soviet government proposes that such a conference be convened on November 29 of this year. in Moscow or Paris. [...]Note from the government of the People's Republic of China to the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. November 20, 1954
Archive: Truth. 1954. 21 Nov.
104.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China presents its compliments to the Embassy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and has the honor to announce the following:
On November 13, 1954, the government of the People's Republic of China received a note from the Soviet government regarding the convening of an all-European conference on the creation of a system of collective security in Europe*.
The Government of the People's Republic of China believes that the London and Paris agreements, which are aimed at reviving militarism in West Germany, are in complete contradiction with the international agreements on Germany and have nothing in common with the task of strengthening European security and restoring the unity of the German state. They not only run counter to the interests of the German people, but also run counter to the peaceful interests of the peoples of the European countries and the peoples of the whole world. The Government of the People's Republic of China strongly opposes the London and Paris agreements, which seriously threaten security in Europe and world peace. The Government of the People's Republic of China believes that the German question can be resolved peacefully and collective security in Europe can be ensured only if if an effective system of collective security is created on the basis of the participation of all European states in it. The proposal of the government of the Soviet Union to convene an all-European conference on the establishment of a system of collective security in Europe is another important effort aimed at a peaceful settlement of the German question and ensuring the security of all European states. This proposal of the Soviet government is completely timely. aimed at a peaceful resolution of the German question and ensuring the security of all European states. This proposal of the Soviet government is completely timely. aimed at a peaceful resolution of the German question and ensuring the security of all European states. This proposal of the Soviet government is completely timely.
The Government of the People's Republic of China fully approves the proposal of the Soviet Government and is ready to send its representative to participate in the all-European conference proposed by the Soviet Union as an observer .
1 Ambassador of the People's Republic of China to the USSR Zhang Wentian took part in the meeting as an observer from the PRC with the rank of Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the PRC.
In his speech, he said, in particular: the proposal to convene a pan-European conference on the creation of a system of collective security in Europe is an important and timely step aimed at maintaining peace in Europe and throughout the world. The Government of the People's Republic of China fully approves and supports this proposal of the Soviet Government.**
* See doc. 103.
** See Izvestia for the full text. - 1954. - 2 Dec.Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR. December 15, 1954
Archive: Truth. 1954. 16 Dec.
105.
On December 2, 1954, the so-called “mutual security treaty” was signed in Washington between the United States of America and the Chiang Kai-shek clique that had taken refuge on the island of Taiwan.
US Secretary of State Dulles revealed the aggressive nature of the agreement, saying: “I hope that the signing of this defense treaty will put an end once and for all to any rumors and reports that the United States will in any way agree to the transfer of Formosa and the Pescadores Islands under the control of communists."
As can be seen from the text of the said aggressive treaty and the statement of Mr. Dulles, the United States is pursuing the goal of wresting Taiwan and the Penghuledao Islands (Pescadores) from China and establishing its dominance over these national Chinese territories.
This act on the part of the United States is a gross violation of the obligations that they assumed under international agreements confirming China's legitimate rights to these ancestral Chinese territories.
As is known, in the Cairo Declaration of 1943, also signed by the United States of America and England, it was solemnly declared that “all the territories that Japan seized from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa and the Pescadores Islands”, will be returned to China. This decision was confirmed in the Potsdam Declaration of 1945, which was signed by the US and also by Britain. After the surrender of Japan, Taiwan and the Penghuledao Islands were reunited with mainland China.
Subsequently, the US government has repeatedly stated that the US has no aggressive intentions in relation to these territories. In particular, President Truman's statement on Formosa on January 5, 1950 said: “The United States has no predatory designs on Formosa or any other Chinese territory. The US has no desire to achieve special rights or privileges or establish military bases in Formosa. They also have no intention of using their armed forces to intervene in the current situation. The US government will also not provide military assistance or advice to Chinese forces in Formosa.”
However, in June 1950, simultaneously with the outbreak of the war in Korea, the US government issued an order to send its troops to Taiwan and, in fact, to this day is carrying out the occupation of this part of the territory of the People's Republic of China.
The aggressive treaty concluded on December 2 between the United States and the Chiang Kai-shek cabal is intended to provide a pretext for the illegal presence of US military forces in Taiwan and the Penghuledao Islands and to maintain the occupation of these territories by the United States.
The conclusion by the US government of a treaty with the Chiang Kai-shek clique in Taiwan constitutes a flagrant violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the People's Republic of China and is thus a violation of the Charter of the United Nations, which provides (Art. 2, paragraph 4) that "all Members of the United Nations shall abstain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.”
Since Taiwan is a native Chinese territory, the task of liberating Taiwan is naturally China's internal affair, the sovereign right of the Chinese people. If it weren't for the intervention of the US military, Taiwan's reunification with China would have already been accomplished.
By committing an act of conquest against China, from which the United States seeks to seize part of its territory by force, the US government is trying to justify this with an obviously untenable reference to US security interests. The absurdity of this argument is all the more obvious because, as is known, China is separated from America by the Pacific Ocean and Taiwan is located at a distance of more than 11,000 km from the United States.
From the text of this aggressive treaty between the United States and the Chiang Kai-shek clique, it is clear that its provisions apply not only to Taiwan and the Penghuledao Islands, but also "to other territories as may be determined on the basis of mutual agreement." This means that the US government regards Taiwan and the Penghuledao Islands as one of the springboards for further aggressive actions against the People's Republic of China and other peace-loving states of the Far East and Southeast Asia. This act by the United States undoubtedly exacerbates the situation in the Far East and increases tension in relations between states.
The conclusion of the Paris agreements with the aim of reviving German militarism and involving West Germany in military groups, the creation of a military bloc in order to preserve the colonial regime in Southeast Asia, the signing by the United States of an agreement with the Lee Syngman government of South Korea on the so-called "ensuring mutual security", and in fact, on the creation of another US military base in the Far East, and the conclusion of a treaty hostile to the Chinese people between the United States and the Chiang Kai-shek clique in Taiwan - all these are links in the same chain in US policy aimed at preventing the détente of international tension and hastening the preparations for a new war.
The position of the Soviet government with regard to the US aggressive policy towards the People's Republic of China, as is known, was set out in the joint declaration of the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the government of the People's Republic of China of October 12, 1954. This declaration states that direct acts of aggression committed by the United States against the People's Republic of China, and especially the continued occupation by the United States of a part of the territory of the PRC - the island of Taiwan, as well as military and financial support for the Chiang Kai-shek clique hostile to the Chinese people - are incompatible with the tasks of maintaining peace in the Far East and reducing international tension.
The Government of the USSR declares that it shares the position expressed in the statement of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Enlai, dated December 8, that the American-Chiang Kai-shek "treaty" is an interference in China's internal affairs, an attack on its territorial integrity and endangers security of China and peace in Asia. The Government of the USSR fully supports the demand of the Government of the People's Republic of China for the withdrawal of American troops from Taiwan, the Penghuledao Islands and the Taiwan Strait and for an end to aggressive actions against the People's Republic of China. The Soviet people understand the demand of the People's Republic of China and the determination of the Chinese people to liberate Taiwan and the Penghuledao Islands, which are an integral part of Chinese territory.
The Soviet government declares that the consequences of the aggressive "mutual security pact" concluded between the United States and the Chiang Kai-shek clique rest entirely with the government of the United States of America.