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Transcripts from Soviet ArchivesVOLUME X -1930
Anti‐Soviet Speeches
A collection of operational reports of the OGPU SOU for individual regions of the Soviet Union. March 15, 1930
At the earliest March 15, 1930
CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION
Mass performances
Digital data. For 3 months of 1929 ‐ 58 performances, of which 7 performances on the basis of collectivization and withdrawals of the anti‐Soviet element
For 2 months 14 days 1930 ‐ 205 performances, of which on the basis of collectivization and the removal of the anti‐Soviet element and dispossession of kulaks ‐ 204.
1929 year
October
26 performances
with 18050 participants
November
19
from 4470
December
thirteen
from 3120
58 ‐ ʺ‐
from 25640
1930 year
January
60 performances
with 30 170
participants
February
82
from 35350
14 days of March (data not complete)
63
from 17510
[Total:]
205 ‐ ʺ‐
with 83,030
participants
Affected areas. Figures for February and March do not reflect the full size of mass demonstrations in the region (in a significant number of cases, the demonstrations were repeated and covered a number of settlements).
The most affected continue to be the Kozlovsky and Kursk districts, where demonstrations covered a number of districts.
In March, an unfavorable situation was also recorded in the Yelets Okr. (as of March 12, in the Krasnozotensky district, out of 17 village councils, 12 were covered by speeches).
The analysis of socialized livestock and seeds by the speakers is observed as a mass phenomenon. Some speeches are accompanied by beating of activists. In a number of cases, there was armed resistance in the elimination of the actions. In one of the villages of the Kursk env. up to 50 shots were fired on the task force that arrived to remove the initiators of the performance (Petrovskoe village)
Terror
Total terrorist attacks
1929 g.
October
248
1930 g.
January
67
November
221
February
32
December
57
14 days of March
ten
[Total:]
526
109
Types of terrorist attacks
For 3
months. 1929
g.
murders
37
For months. 14 days 1930
2
murders
nine
injuries
34
injuries
ten
beatings
72
beatings
eighteen
assassination attempts
74
assassination attempts
thirteen
possessing, hurting.
309
possessing, hurting.
59
[Total:]
526
[Total:]
109
Anti‐Soviet leaflets
January ‐ 12 leaflets, 5 anonymous letters. February ‐ 7 leaflets, 6 anonymous letters (1930)
Counterrevolutionary organizations and groups
The activity of the previously existing kulak groups and the emergence of new insurgent organizations and groups of former Antonovites,
whites, clergymen and kulaks are recorded.
The activities of counterrevolutionary organizations and groupings basically boil down to an active struggle against ongoing measures in the countryside, and especially against collectivization. As a method of struggle, the organization of mass demonstrations and terror are used.
At the same time, there is a clear tendency to turn mass demonstrations into armed uprisings. A number of organizations and groups have a distinctly rebel appearance.
The following organizations and groupings are most typical:
1. Counter‐revolutionary organization in the village. Platovo, Repyevsky district, Ostrogozhsky env. (numbering 46 people, of which 20 kulaks, 7 well‐to‐do, 11 middle peasants, 3 merchants, 4 priests and 1 policeman), set the task of overthrowing the Soviet regime, put up massive resistance to the ongoing measures of the Soviet government in the countryside, organizing a mass demonstration that lasted 5 days.
During a speech on behalf of its participants, the organization put forward the following demands: 1) to replace the Soviet government with local self‐government; 2) release the arrested kulaks; 3) stop dispossession and collectivization; 4) provide benefits to the clergy.
The performance was organized as a result of the kulaksʹ provocative use of excesses in collectivization.
2. The insurrectionary organization ʺCentral Russian Organization for the Liberation of the Offended Peopleʺ, which set the task: an armed uprising, conducting terror, distributing counter‐revolutionary leaflets and expropriation in order to create a rebel fund. The designated area of operation is the Kursk and Lgovskiy districts of the Central Black Earth Region, the Kharkovskiy, Berdichevskiy, Zinovievskiy and Belotserkovskiy districts of the Ukrainian SSR.
The organizational structure is a system of fives.
An illegal meeting was held, at which a ʺbureau of fivesʺ was created. The head of the organization, having traveled around a number of districts of the district, recruited individuals, and even in the Zinovievsky district. the ʺfiveʺ was created (8 people were arrested).
3. Kulak group in the village. Volkovo, Mikhailovsky District, Lgovsky District, which numbered 8 people, planned the creation of armed groups with the aim of overthrowing Soviet power and carrying out terrorist attacks on local party and Soviet workers. The group committed 5 terrorist attacks.
Operational activities
In the region on March 13, liquidated: Counter‐revolutionary organizations ‐ 11 arrested for them: 161
Counter‐revolutionary groups ‐ 340
arrested for them: 2662
Counter‐revolutionary individuals arrested ‐ 2808
Total arrested ‐ 5631 people Of them: kulaks ‐ 4307 prosperous people ‐ 67 middle peasants ‐ 117 poor and farm laborers ‐ 11 merchants ‐ 300 employees ‐ 18 clergy ‐ 385 former landowners ‐ 93 former white officers ‐ 64 former police officers ‐ 96 others ‐ 173
The main indicators of the course of collectivization and preparatory work for the sowing campaign
(Digital information of the NKZ USSR as of March 1, 1930)
Sowing campaign: filling the seed pool as a percentage of the plan:
On collective farms 128.5
In zemsocialties 100.4
Contracting 61.4
Seed cleaning 88.6
Exchange of rows, seed grain for varietal 45.1
Seed treatment 0.4
Repair of tractors 51.9
Collectivization: percentage of farm collectivization 81.8;
Percentage of socialization of livestock from livestock 77.3
The percentage of socialization of livestock to its availability on farms that have joined collective farms 69.4
The average number of farms per collective farm is 296.6; arable land 2004.4 ha
Number of socialized arable land in the region 11,823.9 thousand hectares
Kinks and distortions during collectivization and dispossession
Over the past 2‐2 1 / 2 months in the districts TcChO registered and 350 village councils covered by gross excesses and distortions in the process of collectivization and dispossession.
The most widespread kinks and curvatures took place in the Rossosh, Ostrogozhsky and Usman districts. In some villages of these districts, the percentage of those subjected to dispossession reached 20 and more.
Along with summing up the middle peasants, the poor, the families of the Red Army and civil servants under the category of dispossessed people in almost all districts, the dispossession and searches were accompanied by rudeness, beatings and mockery of the dispossessed people.
There have been registered cases of children being arrested as hostages for fleeing fathers. In the Annensky district of the Usman district, brigadiers carried out mass arrests of middle peasants and poor peasants who did not join collective farms.
In a number of regions, the poor arbitrarily dispossessed kulaks, taking their property for personal use. Kulak property was also appropriated in a number of districts by brigadiers and local workers.
Kinks and distortions in a number of places in Ostrogozhsky, Borisoglebsky and other districts led to the participation of the middle peasants in mass anti‐Soviet demonstrations and mass exits from collective farms.
CCM
Mass performances
Digital data. For 3 months 1929 ‐ 36 performances; of them on the basis of collectivization and withdrawals of the anti‐Soviet element ‐ 1 speech.
For 2 months 14 days in 1930 ‐ 102 demonstrations, of which 94 were motivated by collectivization and the removal of the anti‐Soviet element and dispossession.
1929 year
October
15 performances
with 2770
participants
November
fifteen
from 1370
December
6
from 2655
[Total:]
36
from 6795
1930 year
January
36 performances
with 15,410 participants
February
56
from 11310
14 days of
incomplete)
March
(data
ten
from 4900 ‐ ʺ‐
[Total:]
102
from 31620 ‐ ʺ‐
Affected counties
The most unfavorable is the Donskoy okr., Where in January‐March there were 40 performances that covered a number of areas (Taganrog, M. Kurgan). A number of performances are recorded in the Kuban district, mainly due to excesses in collectivization. Performances in the Kuban env. attract attention both in terms of mass and character; in stc. The Mingrelian crowd of 5,000 people smashed public stables and barns, drove the poor people out of the dispossessed houses; in with. Merchenka speakers smashed the police premises and the collective farm office, dismantled the public cattle, in one speech several activists were beaten; in stc. Ivonovskaya crowd of 1000 people dispersed the horses of the collective farm, entering into a shootout with the collective farmers, as a result, two were killed.
The insurgent uprising that engulfed the villages of N. Manychskoe, N. Egorlykskoe, Barannikovskoe V., Nikolaevsky District, Salsky Okr. (in the villages, re‐election of councils was held; a specially created kulak committee in N. Yegorlyk announced the mobilization of 1900‐1905, local workers and activists were taken hostages; the rebels who arrived in N. Manych operational group were met with shots; two employees were killed, two were seriously wounded and the head of the task force was slightly wounded).
Terror
Total terrorist attacks
1929 g.
October
33
1930 g.
January
38
November
21
February
48
December
12
14 days of March (data incomplete)
ten
[Total:]
66
[Total:]
96
Types of terrorist attacks
For months.
1929 g.
3
murders
7
For months. 14 days
1930 g.
2
murders
fifteen
injuries
8
injuries
thirteen
beatings
21
beatings
20
assassination attempts
8
assassination attempts
25
possessing, hurting.
22
possessing, hurting.
23
[Total:]
66
[Total:]
96
Anti‐Soviet leaflets
1930 January ‐ 34 leaflets, 11 anonymous letters. Total ‐ 45.
February ‐ 22 leaflets, 13 anonymous letters. In total ‐ 35.
Manifestations of organized counter‐revolution
The growth of anti‐Soviet manifestations in the JCC (mass protest, terror) is accompanied by a significant increase in the organized counter‐revolution of kulak‐White Guard organizations and groups that are clearly rebel in nature. Having experienced and full‐blown White Guards in the leadership, many of whom live illegally, the overwhelming majority of organizations and counter‐revolutionary groups set as their immediate task the preparation of an armed uprising. The dates of the uprising are scheduled for the spring of 1930 or on a signal from abroad. Organizations and groupings are actively working on the organization of village and village cells.
At the same time, the stake is placed on the ʺstaunchʺ kulak‐White Guard element, connected by its past counterrevolutionary activities, by service in the old and white armies, by emigration, etc. At the same time, the organizations raised questions about counterrevolutionary work in the Red Army and the creation of cells among changeers; attempts are being made to create a kind of residency in the cadre units of the Red Army; the seizure of weapons depots, the disarmament of garrisons, etc. are planned.
The principles of organizational design are quite clear: ʺtroikasʺ, ʺfivesʺ, separate, not connected with each other, counter‐revolutionary cells.
Using provocatively the moments of dissatisfaction of the broad strata of the population on the basis of excesses on the part of the workers of the Soviet apparatus, individual organizations and groupings are growing quite rapidly geographically and are raising the question of an immediate uprising and overthrow of Soviet power.
Under the leadership of counterrevolutionary rebel organizations and groups, some mass demonstrations in the JCC were particularly active and organized (Salsky okr.). There were attempts to turn them into an armed uprising and extend to other areas (Salsky, Donskoy and other districts).
Attempts are being made to communicate with existing gangs, which are viewed as ready‐made armed units for the deployment of an uprising.
Along with the insurgent and counter‐revolutionary organizations and groups in the region, a significant number of kulak‐White Guard groups that were actively fighting against the measures of Soviet power in the countryside, especially collectivization, were liquidated.
Below are the most typical counter‐revolutionary organizations and groups:
1. The counter‐revolutionary insurgent organization ʺSelf‐defense of the Cossacksʺ, organizationally sweeping the villages of Petropavlovskaya, Temirgoevskaya, St. Mikhailovskaya and Dmitrievskaya with adjoining farms in the Armavir environs, stts. Ilskaya Kuban okr., Stts. Andrukovskaya Maykop env. and one of the auls of Adygea. The principle of building the organization ‐ carefully conspiratorial ʺtroikasʺ of insurgents, who were working to create stanitsa insurgent cells, supplied them with counterrevolutionary leaflets.
In preparing for the uprising, the organization focused on aid from abroad; The organization was led by an illegal re‐emigrant Malakhov (47 people were arrested.)
2. Counterrevolutionary Cossack insurgent organization in the LyonoKalitvinsky region of the Donetsk region, which called itself the ʺAtamancy of the Don Host.ʺ
The main slogans of the organization were: a) the liberation of the
Cossacks and b) the restoration of the atamanism of the Don Host. A number of underground meetings were held, at which the ataman and his assistant were elected and military ʺfivesʺ and objects of terror were formed from among the workers of the Soviet apparatus.
It was decided to carry out intensified activities to recruit members into the organization and raise funds for the purchase of weapons. The composition of the organization: fellow soldiers in the old army, participants in counterrevolutionary uprisings and the civil war on the side of the whites (18 people were arrested, of which 16 were repatriates).
3. A counterrevolutionary rebel organization in the Armavir environs, which expanded its activities to 4 settlements with the center [in] stts. Belo‐Mechetinskaya. The construction principle is “quarterly groups” headed by “elders”. In preparation for the uprising, the organization planned it for the spring of 1930 (39 people were withdrawn, of which 27 kulaks, 10 active White Guards, 1 bandit and 1 former white officer.)
4. In the course of the investigation into the case of a mass demonstration that engulfed the villages of N. Manychskoe, N. Egorlykskoe, Barannikovskoe in the Salsky okrug. Belokonem. The center of the organization was located in the village. N. Manychskoe.
At its illegal meeting on February 10, the organization decided on February 13 to raise an uprising, involving women in the first place (ʺthe authorities will not immediately take harsh measures against women and we will gain timeʺ), and then the middle peasants and the poor.
The activists of the organization in the midst of the speech, after the arrest of the communist and agricultural brigades by the speakers, formed a ʺgovernment 20ʺ, which worked out a declaration and sent a delegation to the village. Barannikovskoe. The latter informed about the activities of the organization of kulaks with. Barannikovskoe, where a ʺcommission of 20ʺ was also created, which developed a number of conditions and requirements.
In the neighboring village. N. Yegorlyksky on the initiative of N. Manych organization, in turn, elected a ʺcommission of 15 to develop new laws.ʺ The head of this “commission” tried to involve neighboring villages in the speeches (in the case, 69 organizers and leaders were arrested, 197 active participants, 67 weapons and 400 cartridges were seized).
Operational activities
On the edge on March 13, liquidated: Counter‐revolutionary organizations ‐ 12 arrested for them ‐ 294 Counter‐revolutionary groups ‐ 380
arrested for them ‐ 2960 Arrested counterrevolutionary singles ‐ 4915 Arrested in total ‐ 8169
The main indicators of the course of collectivization and preparatory work for the sowing campaign
(Digital information of the NKZ USSR as of March 1, 1930)
Sowing campaign:
Semfund filling as a percentage of the plan on collective farms 78.2
in zemsocialties 55.8 Contracting 68.6
Seed cleaning 77.8
Exchange of ordinary seed grain for varietal 37.9
Seed treatment 5.1
Repair of tractors 88.1
Collectivization:
The percentage of collectivization of farms 76.8
Percentage of socialization of livestock from livestock 71.1
The percentage of socialization of livestock to its availability on farms that joined collective farms 92.0
Average number of farms per collective farm 262.0 arable land 2775.3 ha
The number of socialized arable land on the edge 11,933.9 thousand hectares
Kinks and curvatures
The admission of gross excesses and distortions in the process of collectivization, dispossession and collection of deposits for a tractor was noted in 96 village and station councils. Bends and distortions were most widespread in the Stavropol, Kuban, Tersk, Donetsk and Shakhtinsko‐Donetsk districts.
In the Stavropol env. bringing the middle peasants to dispossession took on a mass character. The confiscated property in front of the population was taken away by local Soviet workers and party members. There were also cases of mass opposition of the population to the confiscation of property from the middle peasants. In Tersk and other districts, former commanders of partisan detachments and red partisans were subjected to dispossession. In the Donetsk env. The middle peasants who did not join the collective farm were subjected to a commodity boycott. In a number of districts, cases of arrests of middle peasants and poor peasants for not joining a collective farm and failing to pay a deposit on a tractor have been registered.
SVK, Mass performances
Digital data. For 3 months 1929 ‐ 14 speeches, of which on the basis of collectivization and withdrawal of the anti‐Soviet element ‐ 7 speeches.
For 2 months 14 days 1930 ‐ 139 speeches, of which on the basis of collectivization and the removal of the anti‐Soviet element and dispossession of kulaks ‐ 99.
1929 year
October
18 performances
with participants
3760
November
17 ‐ ʺ‐
from 2785
December
nine ‐ʺ‐
from 1050
[Total]
44 ‐ ʺ‐
from 7595
1930 year
January
37 performances
with participants
6480
February
53 ‐ ʺ‐
from 12580
14 days of March (data incomplete)
49 ‐ ʺ‐
from 10300
[Total]
139 ‐ ʺ‐
from 29360 ‐ ʺ‐
Affected areas. A particularly tense situation is observed in the Mordovian region, where only in 10 days of March 19 mass demonstrations were registered (in total, in January‐March, 48 mass demonstrations were recorded in the region). Some recent speeches have been accompanied by beatings of village workers and activists (6 facts in March).
Penza environs should also be noted as unfavorable. (21 performances in January‐March).
Terror
Total terrorist attacks
1929 g.
October
126
1930 g.
January
47
November
60
February
37
December
33
14 days of March (data incomplete)
4
[Total:]
219
88
Types of terrorist attacks
For 3
months.
1929 g.
murders
eleven
For months. 14 days
1930 g.
2
murders
7
injuries
thirteen
injuries
fourteen
beatings
44
beatings
eleven
assassination attempts
37
assassination attempts
fifteen
possessing, hurting.
114
possessing, hurting.
41
[Total:]
219
[Total:]
88
Anti‐Soviet leaflets
1930 g.
January ‐ 2 leaflets, 10 anonymous letters. February ‐ 7 leaflets, 8 anonymous letters.
Counterrevolutionary organizations and groups
Organized counterrevolution
The growth of counter‐revolutionary activity in the region is accompanied by an intensification of insurrectionary tendencies and an intensification of the old White Guard bandit cadres, socialist elements and churchmen. At the same time, attention is drawn to the activities of the organized counter‐revolution. Thus, 23 groups (with 347 participants) were identified and liquidated, organizing and leading 51 mass demonstrations. 36 terrorist groups (with 444 members) that committed 97 terrorist attacks were liquidated.
Typical for the activities of the organized counter‐revolution in the UCWU is the work to disrupt the measures carried out in the countryside and, mainly, collective farm development (251 kulak anticollective farm groupings were liquidated).
The most typical of the liquidated counter‐revolutionary organizations and groups:
1) A fully formed kulak‐Socialist‐Revolutionary organization in the Buguruslan district, which called itself the ʺAll‐Russian Central
Peopleʹs Socialist Partyʺ. The organization covered Sergievsky and K. Cherkassky districts and numbered 122 people. led by a governing core. Illegal meetings of the activists were regularly held, at which issues of the program, tactics and methods of work in the countryside were discussed. An armed overthrow of the Soviet power was being prepared, while points of uprising and the acquisition of weapons were outlined. On behalf of the Bureau of the Liberation Party, leaflets were distributed calling on the peasants to revolt. The organizationʹs program was also disseminated among the population.
2) The kulak‐ecclesiastical and counterrevolutionary organization in the Orenburg district, covering a network of cells up to 35 settlements of the Sorochinsky and Pokrovsky districts with the center in the Buguruslansky district of the Samara okr. The organization was headed by a headquarters led by the hieromonk of the Buzuluk monastery Varsanofiy. His assistants were a monk of the same monastery, hieromonk of the Intercession Monastery. At its disposal, the headquarters had a special staff of instructors in the amount of 5 people who supervised certain areas, covering several cells. Itinerant nuns served as live communication between instructors and leaders of the organization.
The organization set its task: to work to weaken the economic might of the USSR in the event of foreign intervention by actively fighting against measures taken in the countryside and especially collectivization. In recruiting new members, the organization relied primarily on women. Illegal congresses were periodically held, at which plans of action were worked out and outlined. The organization has pasted up to 70 appeals.
As a result of the activities of the organization, 12 collective farms fell apart and 17 meetings were disrupted in only one of the villages.
3) A Kulak‐White Guard counter‐revolutionary organization in the Orenburg okrug, consisting mainly of former whites and bandits ‐ only 171 people ‐ and headed by a former white officer, a member of the field court. The organization numbered its cells in the village of Buranny, N.Yeletsky, Izobilny, Mertvetsky, Sirotovsky and aul No. 34 of Kyrgyzstan with a center with stts. Vetlyanskaya. The organizers of the cells kept in touch with the selected village leaders who were part of the governing core of the organization. Illegal congresses were convened regularly, 4 times a year.
In addition, under the guise of partying and drinking, illegal meetings were held in the cells, at which issues of current activities on the instructions of the center were discussed. At one of these regular meetings of the cells, a decision was made to carry out a coup, without indicating the day of the speech, but tentatively scheduling it for May 1, 1930. In its daily activities, the organization actively opposed the events held in the countryside. The beginning of the organizationʹs activities dates back to 1919‐1920.
4) Counter‐revolutionary kulak group in the village. Krasnoyarka Buguruslan env. in the amount of 50 people.
The groupʹs activities were directed against the ongoing activities in the countryside, in particular, against collectivization.
In January of this year, the group provoked mass demonstrations of women, and in order to expand the movement, messengers were sent to other villages for help.
Operational activities
In the region on March 13, liquidated: Counterrevolutionary organizations 13 arrested for them: 849
Counter‐revolutionary groups 338 arrested on them: 4248
550 counterrevolutionary singles arrested
A total of 5,647 people were arrested
Of them:
Kulakov 3604
Wealthy 113
Serednyakov 16
Poor men and laborers 6
Traders 786
Employees 36
Clergy 340
Former landlords 88
Former people 81
23 former white officers
118 former police officers
There is no information about the social status and political past of 436
people.
The main indicators of the course of collectivization and preparatory work for the sowing campaign
(Digital information of the NKZ USSR as of March 1, 1930) Semfund filling as a percentage of the plan on collective farms 86.0 in zemsovtsy 76.8 Contracting 55.1
Seed cleaning 74.9
Exchange of an ordinary seed grain for a varietal one 26.1
Repair of tractors 75.2
Collectivization:
Percentage of collectivization of farms 56.4
Percentage of socialization of livestock from livestock 71.1
The percentage of socialization of livestock to its availability on farms that have joined collective farms 81.7
Average number of holdings per collective farm 196
arable land 1813 ha
The number of socialized arable land on the edge 7072.0 thousand hectares
Kinks and curvatures
Bends and distortions are massive in the Samara, Syzran, Penza districts, Mordovia region. In total, up to 160 village councils affected by distortions and excesses were taken into account. Along with gross distortions in the establishment of the contingent of dispossessed and evicted, there were cases of illegal deprivation of rights. In a number of districts of the Mordovian region. the poor and middle peasants were taxed on a par with the kulaks with the sum of fees on the deposit on the tractor. There are facts of theft of property confiscated from the kulaks, its division among the poor and members of commissions. The kinks and distortions contributed to the growth of tendencies towards flight among certain groups of the poor and middle peasants (Orenburg environs). In the Mordvin region. individual workers of the village councils and party members hide kulak property subject to confiscation.
NVK
Mass performances
Digital data. For 3 months of 1929 ‐ 42 performances, of which 1,600 performances were motivated by collectivization and withdrawal of the anti‐Soviet element *. (so, in the document, apparently there should be 16 performances)
For 2 months 14 days 1930 ‐ 66 performances, of which on the basis of collectivization and the removal of the anti‐Soviet element and dispossession of kulaks ‐ 40.
1929 year
October
15 performances
3300 participants
November
7 ‐ ʺ‐
1700 ‐ ʺ‐
December
20 ‐ʺ‐
5100 ‐ ʺ‐
[Total]
42 ‐ ʺ‐
10100 ‐ ʺ‐
1930 year
January
28 performances
6490 participants
February
29 ‐ ʺ‐
4550
14 days of incomplete)
March
(data
nine ‐ʺ‐
1720
[Total]
66 ‐ ʺ‐
12760 ‐ ʺ‐
Affected counties.
Selected performances are noteworthy. In the Astrakhan environs. in with. Mochalovo, as a result of a series of mistakes made during dispossession, the kulaks and churchmen from the end of February managed to provoke a protest, as a result of which 6 party members and activists were killed and 8 severely beaten.
In the Stalingrad environs. in with. Tsatsa was opposed to the eviction of the kulaks. In order to free the evicted, a chase was arranged (during the speech, several activists were beaten).
Terror
Total terrorist attacks
1929 g.
October
49
1930 g.
January
12
November
41
February
66
December
12
14 days of March (data incomplete)
1
[Total:]
102
[Total:]
79
Types of terrorist attacks
For months.
1929 g.
3
murders
8
For months. 14 days
1930 g.
2
murders
4
injuries
thirteen
injuries
7
beatings
31
beatings
23
assassination attempts
thirteen
assassination attempts
19
possessing, hurting.
37
possessing, hurting.
26
[Total:]
102
[Total:]
79
Anti‐Soviet leaflets
1930 January ‐ 3 leaflets, 4 anonymous letters. Total: 7. February ‐ 37 leaflets, 11 anonymous letters. Total: 48
Organization of counterrevolutionaries
A characteristic feature of counter‐revolutionary activity in the NIAC is a significant growth in the insurgency, accompanied by a simultaneous increase in terror and individual banditry. At the same time, there was an increase in rebel agitation and rumors in the rebel farms (especially in the Balashov, Stalingrad, Khopersk and Pugachev districts).
Counterrevolutionary manifestations for the most part come from organized counterrevolutionary groups and organizations. Thus, during the operation, 27 counter‐revolutionary groups (with 333 members) were identified and liquidated, which organized, led and actively participated in mass demonstrations. The data on arrests given below are also indicative in this respect (single persons make up less than 10% of all those arrested).
The activities of organized counter‐revolution are characterized by the following examples:
1) Counter‐revolutionary insurgent organization in the Balashov okr. covered 15 settlements and was associated with the village of the Tambov okr. TsCHO. Preparing for an armed uprising, the organization outlined its dates, intended to organize a gang, acquired weapons and campaigned for desertion from the ranks of the Red Army with weapons. The structure of the organization ‐ settlement cells in the Central Black Earth Region, the core of the organization were former Antonovites (131 people were arrested).
2) Kulak counter‐revolutionary group in the village. Kamenka of Atkar env. in the amount of 24 people covered the neighboring villages: Malinovka, Zmeevka and Krutets. Sufficiently organized, the group provoked the peasants into a mass demonstration, seized power for several days, introducing a state of siege in the village.
Withdrawal of counter‐revolutionary kulak‐white guard and bandit elements
In the region on March 13, liquidated: Counter‐revolutionary organizations 9 arrested for them: 298
Counterrevolutionary groups 566
arrested on them: 5370
Counterrevolutionary singles arrested 657
Total arrested ‐ 6325 people
Of them:
Kulakov 5532
Wealthy 24
Serednyakov 298
Poor and farm laborers 75
Others 396
The main indicators of the course of collectivization and preparatory work for the sowing campaign
(Digital information of the NKZ USSR as of March 1, 1930)
Sowing campaign:
Semfund filling as a percentage of the plan:
‐ on collective farms ‐ 64.7
‐ in zemsotios ‐ 69.0
Contracting 49.5
Seed cleaning 56.1
Exchange of an ordinary seed grain for a varietal one 29.9
Repair of tractors 42.0
Collectivization:
The percentage of collectivization of farms 67.8
Percentage of socialization of livestock from livestock 61.4
The percentage of socialization of livestock to its availability on farms that have joined collective farms 115.2
Average number of farms per collective farm 552.6 arable land 5747.1 ha
The number of socialized arable land in the region, along the edge
6321.8 thousand hectares
Kinks and curvatures
Over the past two months, up to 190 village councils, affected by excesses and distortions, mainly due to dispossession of kulaks, have been counted in the NVK. The excesses were especially widespread in the Stalingrad, Volsk, Balashov, Atkarsk, Kamyshin and Astrakhan districts. Arrests of middle peasants who do not want to join collective farms, and the assignment of middle peasants to the category of dispossessed are most common in the Astrakhan, Stalingrad and Volsk districts. In some places, rampant searches were carried out among the poor, ostensibly in order to discover the hidden kulak property (ASSR NP). Large curvatures were made in a number of areas during the preparation of the spring sowing campaign. Local organizations in a number of districts are forcing the middle peasants to pour out the grain with arrests and threats. In some cases, the last grain intended for food is taken from the poor (Balashov and Atkarsky districts).
GEORGIA , Ajeristan